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--- |
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language: |
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- en |
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- es |
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- fr |
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- de |
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- it |
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- hi |
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- mr |
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- sa |
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- kn |
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- te |
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- ta |
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- ml |
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- zh |
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- ja |
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- ko |
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- ar |
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- bn |
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- gu |
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- or |
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- pa |
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- ru |
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- th |
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license: gemma |
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library_name: transformers |
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tags: |
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- vision-language |
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- retrieval |
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- colbert |
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- late-interaction |
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- multimodal |
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- multilingual |
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- document-retrieval |
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- 22-languages |
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pipeline_tag: visual-document-retrieval |
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base_model: |
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- google/gemma-3-4b-it |
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datasets: |
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- Cognitive-Lab/nayanair-bench |
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model-index: |
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- name: ColNetraEmbed |
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results: |
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- task: |
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type: image-text-retrieval |
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name: Cross-Lingual Document Retrieval |
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dataset: |
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type: Cognitive-Lab/nayanair-bench |
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name: Nayana-IR Cross-Lingual |
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split: test |
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metrics: |
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- type: ndcg_at_5 |
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value: 0.637 |
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name: NDCG@5 |
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- type: recall_at_10 |
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value: 0.700 |
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name: Recall@10 |
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- type: map_at_10 |
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value: 0.610 |
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name: MAP@10 |
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- type: mrr_at_10 |
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value: 0.610 |
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name: MRR@10 |
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- task: |
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type: image-text-retrieval |
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name: Monolingual Document Retrieval |
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dataset: |
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type: Cognitive-Lab/nayanair-bench |
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name: Nayana-IR Monolingual |
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split: test |
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metrics: |
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- type: ndcg_at_5 |
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value: 0.670 |
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name: NDCG@5 |
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- type: recall_at_10 |
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value: 0.764 |
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name: Recall@10 |
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- type: map_at_10 |
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value: 0.645 |
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name: MAP@10 |
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- type: mrr_at_10 |
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value: 0.686 |
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name: MRR@10 |
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- task: |
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type: image-text-retrieval |
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name: English Document Retrieval |
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dataset: |
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type: vidore/vidore-benchmark |
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name: ViDoRe v2 |
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split: test |
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metrics: |
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- type: ndcg_at_5 |
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value: 0.551 |
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name: NDCG@5 |
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- type: recall_at_10 |
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value: 0.664 |
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name: Recall@10 |
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- type: map_at_10 |
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value: 0.445 |
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name: MAP@10 |
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- type: mrr_at_10 |
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value: 0.445 |
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name: MRR@10 |
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--- |
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# ColNetraEmbed |
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03514) |
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[](https://github.com/adithya-s-k/colpali) |
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[](https://huggingface.co/Cognitive-Lab/ColNetraEmbed) |
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[](https://www.cognitivelab.in/blog/introducing-netraembed) |
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[](https://huggingface.co/spaces/AdithyaSK/NetraEmbed) |
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**ColNetraEmbed** is a state-of-the-art multilingual multimodal embedding model for visual document retrieval, powered by the Gemma3 backbone and using Colbert-style multi-vector representations. |
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## Model Description |
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ColNetraEmbed is a multilingual multimodal embedding model that encodes documents as multi-vector representations using the ColPali architecture. Each image patch is mapped to a contextualized embedding, enabling fine-grained matching between visual content and text queries through late interaction (MaxSim). |
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- **Model Type:** Multilingual Multimodal Embedding Model with ColPali-style Multi-vector representations |
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- **Architecture:** ColPali with Gemma3-4B backbone |
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- **Embedding Dimension:** 128 per token |
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- **Capabilities:** Multilingual, Multimodal (Vision + Text), Multi-vector late interaction |
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- **Use Case:** Visual document retrieval, multilingual document understanding, fine-grained visual search |
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## Paper |
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📄 **[M3DR: Towards Universal Multilingual Multimodal Document Retrieval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03514)** |
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## Installation |
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```bash |
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pip install git+https://github.com/adithya-s-k/colpali.git |
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``` |
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## Quick Start |
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```python |
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import torch |
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from PIL import Image |
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from colpali_engine.models import ColGemma3, ColGemmaProcessor3 |
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# Load model and processor |
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model_name = "Cognitive-Lab/ColNetraEmbed" |
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model = ColGemma3.from_pretrained( |
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model_name, |
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torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, |
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device_map="cuda", |
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) |
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processor = ColGemmaProcessor3.from_pretrained(model_name) |
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# Load your images |
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images = [ |
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Image.open("document1.jpg"), |
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Image.open("document2.jpg"), |
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] |
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# Define queries |
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queries = [ |
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"What is the total revenue?", |
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"Show me the organizational chart", |
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] |
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# Process and encode |
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batch_images = processor.process_images(images).to(model.device) |
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batch_queries = processor.process_queries(queries).to(model.device) |
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with torch.no_grad(): |
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image_embeddings = model(**batch_images) # Shape: (num_images, num_patches, 128) |
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query_embeddings = model(**batch_queries) # Shape: (num_queries, num_tokens, 128) |
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# Compute similarity scores using MaxSim |
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scores = processor.score_multi_vector( |
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qs=query_embeddings, |
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ps=image_embeddings, |
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) # Shape: (num_queries, num_images) |
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# Get best matches |
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for i, query in enumerate(queries): |
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best_idx = scores[i].argmax().item() |
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print(f"Query: '{query}' -> Best match: Image {best_idx + 1} (score: {scores[i, best_idx]:.2f})") |
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``` |
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## Use Cases |
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- **Document Retrieval:** Search through large collections of visual documents |
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- **Visual Question Answering:** Answer questions about document content |
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- **Document Understanding:** Extract and match information from scanned documents |
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- **Cross-lingual Document Search:** Multilingual visual document retrieval |
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## Model Details |
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- **Base Model:** [Gemma3-4B-IT](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-3-4b-it) |
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- **Vision Encoder:** SigLIP |
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- **Training Data:** Multilingual document datasets |
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- **Embedding Strategy:** Multi-vector (Late Interaction) |
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- **Similarity Function:** MaxSim (Maximum Similarity) |
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## Performance |
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ColNetraEmbed achieves strong performance on multilingual document retrieval benchmarks. Evaluated on [Nayana-IR Bench](https://huggingface.co/collections/Cognitive-Lab/nayanair-bench) (22 languages) and ViDoRe v2. |
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### Benchmark Results |
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**Nayana-IR Cross-Lingual** |
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| Model | NDCG@5 | Recall@10 | MAP@10 | MRR@10 | |
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|-------|:------:|:---------:|:------:|:------:| |
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| **ColNetraEmbed** | **0.637** | **0.700** | **0.610** | **0.610** | |
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| Jina-Embeddings-v4 | 0.435 | 0.435 | 0.390 | 0.548 | |
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| ColNomic-Embed-3B | 0.315 | 0.320 | 0.267 | 0.444 | |
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| ColPali-v1.3 | 0.284 | 0.347 | 0.249 | 0.403 | |
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| GME-Qwen2-VL-2B | 0.235 | 0.308 | 0.209 | 0.314 | |
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| ColQwen2.5-v0.2 | 0.143 | 0.160 | 0.127 | 0.220 | |
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| ColQwen2-v1.0 | 0.050 | 0.065 | 0.038 | 0.109 | |
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**Nayana-IR Monolingual** |
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| Model | NDCG@5 | Recall@10 | MAP@10 | MRR@10 | |
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|-------|:------:|:---------:|:------:|:------:| |
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| **ColNetraEmbed** | **0.670** | **0.764** | **0.645** | **0.686** | |
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| ColNomic-Embed-3B | 0.534 | 0.603 | 0.515 | 0.546 | |
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| ColQwen2.5-v0.2 | 0.453 | 0.513 | 0.437 | 0.464 | |
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| GME-Qwen2-VL-2B | 0.444 | 0.525 | 0.426 | 0.452 | |
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| ColQwen2-v1.0 | 0.413 | 0.466 | 0.398 | 0.422 | |
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| ColPali-v1.3 | 0.410 | 0.484 | 0.393 | 0.422 | |
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**ViDoRe v2** |
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| Model | NDCG@5 | Recall@10 | MAP@10 | MRR@10 | |
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|-------|:------:|:---------:|:------:|:------:| |
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| ColQwen2.5-v0.2 | 0.592 | 0.664 | 0.484 | 0.711 | |
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| Jina-Embeddings-v4 | 0.576 | 0.686 | - | - | |
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| GME-Qwen2-VL-2B | 0.574 | 0.630 | 0.466 | 0.690 | |
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| ColNomic-Embed-3B | 0.556 | 0.633 | 0.451 | 0.672 | |
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| **ColNetraEmbed** | **0.551** | **0.664** | **0.445** | **0.445** | |
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| ColQwen2-v1.0 | 0.545 | 0.640 | 0.438 | 0.653 | |
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| ColPali-v1.3 | 0.538 | 0.627 | 0.436 | 0.644 | |
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**Key Results:** |
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- 🏆 **Strong multilingual performance** with ColBERT-style late interaction |
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- 📈 **124% improvement** over ColPali-v1.3 on cross-lingual tasks |
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- 🌍 Supports **22 languages** across diverse script families |
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- 🔍 **Fine-grained matching** through token-level MaxSim scoring |
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**Comparison: Multi-vector vs Single-vector** |
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- ColNetraEmbed (multi-vector): More interpretable with token-level attribution |
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- NetraEmbed (single-vector): Higher accuracy (0.716 vs 0.637) and 250x more efficient storage |
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See our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03514) for comprehensive evaluation and architectural comparisons. |
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## Citation |
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```bibtex |
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@misc{kolavi2025m3druniversalmultilingualmultimodal, |
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title={M3DR: Towards Universal Multilingual Multimodal Document Retrieval}, |
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author={Adithya S Kolavi and Vyoman Jain}, |
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year={2025}, |
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eprint={2512.03514}, |
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archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
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primaryClass={cs.IR}, |
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03514} |
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} |
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``` |
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## License |
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This model is released under the same license as the base Gemma3 model. |
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## Acknowledgments |
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This work benefited from compute credits for training, inference, and evaluation provided by [Modal](https://modal.com), acknowledged as a compute sponsor. Dataset curation and synthesis were supported by the [Meta LLaMA Impact Grant](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/04/llama-impact-grant-recipients/?utm_source=AIatMeta&utm_medium=organic_social&utm_content=image&utm_campaign=llamacon) through our [Nayana initiative](https://www.cognitivelab.in/nayana). We appreciate Meta for continued support of our research efforts at [CognitiveLab](https://www.cognitivelab.in). |
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Built on top of the ColPali framework and Gemma3 architecture. |
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