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H: Limitations of When to Use Mesh Current Method
For this circuit, is it possible to solve for i solely with the mesh current method? I know that this would be even easier to do with application of the fundamental laws or the node voltage method; I just want to better understand the limitations of the mesh current m... |
H: How do I control a 12V relay with a 1.8V microchip?
Background
I have a 12V power supply that is connected to a switching regulator to get a 1.8V power signal. I have a microchip running at 1.8V and want to control a 12V relay via GPIO. The relay is used to open and close a lock that only functions on 12V.
Help in
... |
H: Type-N vs SMA connector (relative merits)
What are the relative merits of using a Type-N connector vs an SMA connector for an RF application up to \$18\,\text{GHz}\$? From the type-N wikipedia page (linked), it's stated that the type-N connector is favored when ruggedness is required. What does this mean specifical... |
H: Help identify part: Schottky diode
I have an electronic part with a marking mbr10100, I know it is a Schottky diode for 10 A, 100 V. The thing is, it looks like it has two diodes inside. At least it shows so when I test it with a multimeter. My question is - does it have tolerance of 10 A for each in the pair or wi... |
H: how to recognize interupt handler on register level of efr32fg14
in the code bellow we have interrupt functions which play with the IF register.
And there are functions called USART0_RX_IRQHandler
functions which we dont call in the main() and in the function itself there is USART_IntDisable which does usart->IEN &... |
H: IR2110 Simulation not working in LTSPICE
I am trying to implement a half bridge topology as shown in the figure below:
I have replaced the IRF450 with STGW40H60DLFB IGBT.
I have also replaced the 11DF4 with UF4007.
My LTSPICE schematic looks like:
My VDS and VGS in the high side and low side is:
When I run my LT... |
H: differential instrumentation amplifier in LTspice not working
I was trying to simulate an instrumentaion amplifier in ltspice.
the problem i am having is the output when measured across C1 is wrong. since i have an amplification factor of 11, i was expecting to get (V2-V3)*11. which should be 11V. but i get 5.5V i... |
H: Can I increase DC voltage using capactiors in series and then use a voltage regulator?
I am (re)learning electronics and I am currently playing around with "simple circuit" to practice a bit.
For testing, I am doing a simple circuit that could have 2 different input voltage (not at the same time), one from a 12v an... |
H: Charging time of capacitor when used with this transistor configuration?
I´m trying to calculate the charging time of the capacitor in this circuit.
I know the PUT is on when the voltage in the anode is higher than the Vp
Va > Vp
Va > Vg + 0.7
For this circuit Vcc = 15v
Having the voltage in the gate and Vp:
... |
H: Automatic power switching, grounds not connected
I'm currently working on a project that requires a 24V DC input. That is no problem, as I have that power supply available. However, the project should also remain working when the supply fails or becomes unavailable. For that, I want to automatically switch to the b... |
H: In a NOR gate not connected to any power supply, how can the output be '1' if both of the inputs are '0'?
I was reading about SR Latches and this very weird (and silly) question popped up in my head.
Here, when A and B is 0, then Q is 1.
Suppose that this NOR gate is lying in air, not connected to any power supply... |
H: What is this part in my Royal Enfield motorcycle speedometer unit?
My bike meter got stuck after replacing my battery with a new one. I think due to new battery something burned in the circuit. I have images of the same.
I have an electrician who can fix televisions etc. I thought he could fix the speedometer. He s... |
H: Constant current LED driver using transistors
I have this circuit:
I understood the operation:
On power-up Q1 and Q2 are off. There is no collector current so L1 is off.
If the digital control input on the left is brought high (5 V) Q1 will turn on. Current will flow through L1, Q1 and R2.
As the voltage drop acr... |
H: Confusion regarding the Q point of a transistor
Many standard text books define the Q point as follows :
"Q point or the operating point of a device, also known as a bias point, or quiescent point is the steady-state DC voltage or current at a specified terminal of an active device such as a diode or transistor wi... |
H: Attaching SDRAM to the STM32F469AG
In the STM32F469-Disco schematics, the MT48LC4M32B2B5-6A is used, which features a 4M x32 (=1Meg x 32 x 4 banks) arrangement for a total of 128Mbits. Now I was wondering if I could attach a IS42S32160F to it, which features 512Mbits of memory in an 16M x 32 (=4Meg x 32 x 4 banks) ... |
H: Simulation performance of bitwise operators and binary arithmetic Operators
In terms of performance if you have say two inputs a and with the same bit width say 64. If you apply a bitwise operator and binary arithmetic operator (verilog/system verilog), which one takes longer to evaluate and why?
For example, in te... |
H: Confused with the formula for Power Factor Correction
The formula provided in my lecture notes:
$$C=\frac{Q_c}{\omega \:V_{RMS}^{\:2}}$$
Where $$Q_c=Q_{old}-Q_{new}=P\left(tan\left(\theta _{old}\right)-tan\left(\theta _{new}\:\right)\right)$$
Such that \$\theta\$ is the power factor angle, \$P\$ is the real power a... |
H: What is this MPU?
I have a board model SWL-B70F, it's a wifi module used in Samsung AC. This board ship an "unknown" MPU, 256 Mbit DRAM (W948D6FBHX6E), 128Mbit Serial Flash memory (25Q128FVSG), a wifi module (BCM43143KMLG). The Ar18hsfnbwkneu Service Manual contains the block diagram below. On the top there is a ro... |
H: 3.5mm audio headphone jack
I have a broken headphone audio jack from an electronic keyboard. With the jack broken, the speaker audio no longer functions.
The manufacturer no longer supplies the part as it has been discontinued, and they claim they manufacture all of their own parts. They advised googling the part n... |
H: What's ground? Is it the point defined as 0 V of potential or voltage? If the latter, is it because we measure its voltage with respect to itself?
I have some questions regarding the definition of ground that some people use. One question leads to the other so I've organized them below.
Some people say that "ground... |
H: Is there a way to plot differentiation of frequency in LTSpice?
I'm simulating a circuit and I obtained the AC simulation (bode plot) of it. However, now I want to plot the group delay, meaning, the negative derivative of the phase in terms of frequency. Is there a way to do that?
AI: The easiest answer is to move ... |
H: Why don't we have a circular USB port?
From what I understand, USB has 4 lines just like an audio port. So why can't we have a USB port which is circular? I feel it can be more convenient to plug in and also would have a smaller form factor. May be, we can have the same 3.5 mm jack port switch between analog audio ... |
H: Electret microphone and FET pre-amp
My question is about designing a microphone pre-amplifier that uses an electret microphone. I saw a video of Doug Ford on the EEVBlog, in which he shows some pre-amplifiers for microphones.
My question is: does it make sense build a FET pre-amp for for an electret microphone, con... |
H: 2 layer board design and grounding
I am using EAGLE and have a 2layer pcb design. I have signals on both sides and ground on both sides of the board.
I am not able to connect my THS4509 opamps thermal pad (which is the opamps ground) to my pcbs ground. The thermal pad has its own isle.
I can't route the thermal pad... |
H: Audio Jack Safety 230v DC
I'm using a 3.5mm male to female connection (images below) to a voltage divider network to measure voltage from a solar panel with an Arduino. 230V to roughly 4V.
My question is whether these connections will be unable to handle the voltage and if so, why? They are rated for 1 amp.
AI: Thi... |
H: Fan does not spin when controlled by PWM
I am using the following fan : ME70201V1-000U-A99, which should be supplied at 12 V and consumes about 150 mA.
My schematics is as follows :
Than fan is connected to X3. PWM_VENTILO is the PWM output of a microcontroller.
If PWM_VENTILO is a simple high GPIO output, it spin... |
H: What logic gate matches the truth table below?
I'm just wondering what logic gate has two inputs and only outputs HIGH if one of the inputs is HIGH. Here's a truth table:
|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| A | B | OUT |
|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| 0 | 0 | 0... |
H: Generate HSPICE input signal
I want to add this input signal in my hspice code. Here I am doing transient analysis.
How can I do it?
AI: Without seeing the schematic and some values it's impossible to tell. You could try to get around using either a behavioural source with int(), round(), floor(), or ceil() -- if a... |
H: PCB specs, Meaning of "6-1" diameter
I'm using a relay for a PCB, but have trouble understanding some of the specs for the recommended hole drill sizes.
As shown below, the spec sheet indicates a "6-1" diameter hole.
What is the meaning of this 6-1?
It should be something with a diameter of less than 2.22 mm, but i... |
H: How much current should a car draw from a battery when it is off?
My SUV died last night, and it draws 540mA now, when the car is off, and nothing (that I know of) is on. How much does a car typically draw from the battery when it is off?
EDIT 1:
I think you've already answered my question (half an amp is an unrea... |
H: Which semiconductors are good candidates for constructing a CPU?
Wikipedia offers an excellent list of semiconductor materials but does not include which can be used to create integrated circuits or even logic transistors (PNP or NPN). The Integrated Circuit page mentions "transistors built from other materials: gr... |
H: Discharge risk of an LED fade-in circuit
The simplest incarnation of the fade-in circuit I have planned is
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This gets a time constant of ~2.7s before taking into account the dynamic resistance of the amber LED with Vf=2.1V. It's to only fade in once on powe... |
H: Notation in transistor circuits
These two figures(below) are from book Microelectronics circuits by Sedra/Smith.
I have two doubt regarding notation used in this book (or may be in general also)
1.in this figure(1) why there are two arrows ( most of the times only one arrow is there) pointing towards 10v and in ge... |
H: Suitability of standard-gain pyramidal horn for UWB signal
Objective
I'm interested in evaluating the suitability of a standard-gain pyramidal horn for an ultrawideband (UWB) signal. However, I've had difficulty finding reliable information about the phase response over frequency that would be needed to make this d... |
H: Does the 74LS09 have an adequate internal input pullup?
I want to feed an output of the 74LS05 open collector inverter into one of the inputs of the 74LS09 AND gate. The internal schematics in the datasheet shows that there is an internal resistor and 2 diodes between VCC and inputs:
Can I treat the AND gate as ha... |
H: What are the components symbolized in these 4 highlighted areas of this schematic?
I am a beginner and I understand only the most basic portions of this schematic. Could someone smarter please help me understand the highlighted areas?
Source: Schematic was copied from page 4 of the manufacturer's product datasheet... |
H: Designing a compensator - Control system - Missing value
I would like to determine the transfer function of the following circuit made of TL431. According to the different AN that I have read (and about this subject I really really thank Christophe BASSO, its work is so nice to read and the whole power electronic f... |
H: Why passive component has better drift characteristics than active components had?
I came across this paragraph in the classic reference Op Amps For Everyone by Ron Mancini where it says on the first page:
Many attempts has been made to make a stable amplifier, but temperature changes and power supply voltage extr... |
H: RFID system inductive coupling
At low or high frequencies the communication between RFID reader and RFID tag is through inductive coupling. Why do we need a transponder? Don't we need only a receiver?
And how is the message of the tag not confused with the RF signal of the reader?
AI: transponder
/tranˈspɒndə,trɑːn... |
H: Which parts of an AC relay does the electrical current flow on?
Below is a common relay that is used in Arduino projects. When the AC lines are connected, if I touch the screws that holds the AC lines (marked as "1" in the image) do I get an electric shock? Of course, I am not going to intentionally do that, but ju... |
H: Implementing a polynomial voltage-controlled current source in LTSpice
I want to implement a voltage-controlled current source in LTSpice. The output current should be
$$I=a_{0}+a_{1}V+a_{2}V^{2}$$
I know I have to use the POLY element, but I can't figure out how to use it.
I am using LTSpice in macOS. Any help ple... |
H: Can a general-purpose AA charger be used for rechargeable AA lithium-ion batteries?
I recently learned that rechargeable lithium-ion AA batteries, 1.5VDC 3200mAh, have become available. For instance:
https://www.amazon.com/EBL-USB-Rechargeable-Lithium-Batteries/dp/B0828KRQZ3
https://www.google.com/shopping/product... |
H: ATmega: Can one determine if an address is program memory or data memory?
On an Atmel ATmega1284 (or any of its AVR cousins), is there any way to determine at compile time or at runtime whether an address that is passed to a function belongs to program memory space or data memory space?
Specifically, I want to prov... |
H: Help with calculating frequency offset
A 10 MHz TXCO is driving a receiver’s front end and has a frequency deviation of 10 ppm. It drives a direct downconversion RF front-end mixing the L5 frequency. What is the frequency offset at baseband due to the TXCO?
L5 frequency = 1176.45MHz
I dont quite understand this q... |
H: confusion regarding bias voltage of a transistor
"this dc voltage is known as bias voltage and it's ...regardless of the polarity of the signal source"
now I have this question :
**1.**Do i manually need to choose bias voltage so that so that transistor remains on even when negative cycle kicks in? for example le... |
H: How to determine current flow direction in a circuit?
I have this diagram:
The datasheet specifies I should bias the COMM+ line around 1.5V. However, when I measure the voltage at TP1 with the oscilloscope probe connected to ground, the output from the oscilloscope is always 0V (i.e Ground)
I want to understand w... |
H: 4BIT DAC has negative voltage at op amp output
My school task was to simulate a 4BIT DAC converter in multisim. Im supposed to simulate the circuit when the switches are on/off and measure the output on the op amp.
I think the circuit works fine but I dont quite understand why the voltage is negative. I checked the... |
H: Editing/Creating a Triangular Solder Bridge Footprint
I wish to use a triangular solder jumper (solder-jumper) in my PCB and I am using KiCAD. The only available solder jumper - the one pointing in one direction (as in the attached image), is 2.45 x 1.50 mm. I wish to edit this and make it 1.25 x 1.25 mm.
Issue is... |
H: What cause sudden spike in the output voltage of transformer?
What issues can cause the output voltage of a transformer to suddenly increase from 230 volts to 400 volts (in the case of any transformer and in the case of the delta to Y configuration of the transformer)? What would be the voltage between a phase and ... |
H: Is it generally OK to ignore the current in and out of a MCU pin when analyzing circuit external to the MCU?
From here, I see below illustration about the pull-up resistor.
And the article says:
With a pull-up resistor, the input pin will read a high state when the
button is not pressed. In other words, a small a... |
H: Can I connect an inverter and a solar charge controller together in parallel with battery terminals?
I have an inverter works on AC mains and has battery charger inbuilt. I have solar panels with a charge controller.
Can I connect both power sources wires to battery terminals in parallel. So In case of power interr... |
H: How to properly wire a five color RGB LED strip?
I've worked with common anode and common cathode RGB LEDs either 12 volt or 5 volt using PWM mostly to change color. Usually then these products that I work with have the typical four color wiring where color may differ a little bit depending on being common anode o... |
H: Increase runtime: batteries in parallel -> buck || batteries in series -> boost
I have 18650 batteries, I created 4S packs with 6P in each.
I have a 12 V 2 A solar panel and I want to use this panel to charge them ( i know I need a charge controller and I must balance charge them )
My main question is:
I have two 5... |
H: Adjustable Capacitance Circuit
I'm designing a circuit where I want to be able to adjust the effective capacitance between two points, A and B.
To do this, I've essentially put a dip switch into a circuit with a bunch of caps on the other side. My goal is that I'd like to be able to turn off and on various combinat... |
H: Effect of right half plane zero on bandwidth of control system
It is known that the right half zero and the delay limit the achievable bandwidth of a control system. Can someone please explain the reason, how the right half plane zero limits the achievable bandwidth and how the time delay in a control system limit... |
H: Where can I connect the unused input to preserve the logic expression?
So there is an unused input for the bottom NAND gate (even though it is not shown in the picture) and the question wants us to connect it while preserving the logic expression. I know when we connect it to the ground, the lower NAND gate never ... |
H: diode required for smoothing capacitor
I never quite understood the finer details of why a diode is required for turning capacitors into "smoothing" capacitors instead of just low pass filters. The simulations I have done in multisim just seemed to add into the confusion. I realize that capacitors just adds a phas... |
H: What type of transformer is used in LLC converters? Is resonant or pulse the same thing?
Often in the description of LLC converters, I hear the mention of a resonant transformer.
On Wiki, I found both resonant and pulse transformers.
In the photos of the LLC converters - the transformer is very similar to the pulse... |
H: How Single Pole Switching of Circuit Breaker can improve the transient stability of the Power System?
There are numerous methods we can use to improve the transient stability of the power system.
Visualization of methods like using fast excitation system, High-speed governors or using dynamic resistance switching i... |
H: Why LDO regulator rejected ripple better than normal Linear regulator
Both type contain feedback loop but different type of output transistor .
Linear regulator use BJT
LDO use FET (which can operate at lower dropout voltage)
But what make LDO better noise rejection?
AI: HDO (high-dropout regulators) versus LDOs...... |
H: Possible to control a transistor by BC terminals?
I'm thinking about a strange working mode: the CB part is forward biased and trying to control EC current by CB current.
EB is reversed.
May it work?
Transistor is BJT.
AI: Yes, BJTs will work in reverse mode (collector and emitter switched).
Most types will have ve... |
H: Do I need USART1 to program the bootloader with STM32 - Or could I use SWDIO & SWCLK?
I have heard that if I buy an empty factory made STM32, it will come with no bootloader at all. To program that STM32 with a bootloader, I need to do that through USART1. And later when I want to implement the program onto the STM... |
H: Is there a difference between these two circuits?
I might not have drawn the second one right, but imagine if it was a live wire in a bathtub going through the water and the plumbing to ground instead of returning to neutral, except way more volts.
Is there a difference between the voltages between the two sets of ... |
H: BJT Current Mirror Problem
Problem: A simple current mirror is set up with two NPN transistors. \$V_{CC}=12\$ Volts \$+V_{in}= 30\$ Volts. Load resistance \$R_L\ =\ 1\ K\Omega \$.
What is the resistance value interval for output transistor to stay in forward-active region and not to be deformed?
( \$V_{BE}=0.7\ V,... |
H: Why multiple coils on a ferrite rod antenna?
I'm trying to build some ferrite rod antennas to test some avalanche rescue technology and I've been looking at the internals of an old BCA Tracker avalanche beacon to figure out how I should go about designing my own.
I have two ferrite rods (from Fair-Rite) that I plan... |
H: Why is the output current not equal to the input current in this current mirroring circuit?
Why is the output current not equal to the reference current in this current mirroring circuit? (I have been explicitly told that they are not equal). Both of the transistors are equal and in the saturation region. I thought... |
H: How do you choose components for a gps antenna
I have to solder an active gps antenna on a pcb. But I don’t know how to choose components.
In my case antenna will be used outdoor on a pet collar.
First of all there are a lot of different ceramic antennas, what are they differences? Mainly they have various sizes bu... |
H: How to read MOSFET datasheet to determine when the MOSFET is fully on
I'm currently trying to find an N-channel MOSFET to act as a switch to be controlled by my Arduino, and I've come across two particular MOSFETS so far that seem like they would be a good fit to the application I am trying to do.
The first one is ... |
H: Australia–ASEAN Power Link - why not build the solar farm near Singapore?
World's Largest Solar Farm to Be Built in Australia
The 10GW, 120 square km solar farm in Australia is connected to Singapore via a 4,500-kilometre high-voltage direct current (HVDC) network.
The Australian desert might be a good location fo... |
H: Can this capacitor circuit on the left be rewritten as the one on the right
In other words, it should be in parallel.
AI: Figures 1a and 1b.
What's important here is what nodes the components are connected to. It should be clear that in both (a) and (b) above that C2 is connected to A and B in both configurations ... |
H: Seeking deeper understand of reading a schematic with an op-amp IC (AD-8574)
A couple days ago I was seeking some education on reading a schematic, I had great answers for replies and I feel like I am closer. What I am trying to get my head around is the use of a dual channel op-amp circuit. I think the circuit sho... |
H: Wheatstone bridge: Modifications for different temperature sensor resistance
I am trying to build a Wheatstone circuit to detect temperature changes of a low resistance (about 10 ohm) wire.
For a first try I would like to use a circuit proposed in this Maxim Application Note 6144
How to Linearize Wheatstone-Bridge ... |
H: Transistor module and its maximum allowable power dissipation
I have a question regarding the selection of transistor modules. These modules often have a parallel diode. When calculating the losses and thus the expected heat development, I am not sure how these diodes have to be considered. The maximum allowed powe... |
H: Where to select the voltage from, from a voltage divider?
I want to utilize 2.5V, from a 5V source.
This is a diagram:
My question is, where do I draw the 2.5 volts from?
Is it from the wire I painted pink, or from the wire I painted green?
Or it doesn't matter since the voltage in the sides of a resistor is the s... |
H: Understand an I2C clock line implementation
I am trying to understand a C function from a legacy project which is supposed to manage the clock line for an I2C interface. It basically does as follow:
Set pin to output: P0_1 |= 0b00000010; and then drives it low: P0_1 = 0;.
Or set as input: P0_1 &= 0b11111101; and w... |
H: Serial Communication with HV5623
I'm just trying to understand the communication protocol with the HV5623. Here is the Function table:
I want to be able to hold the HV output while I shift in the new states into the shift register, then enable the HV output then rinse and repeat. My understanding is that I should ... |
H: Need Clarification on Choke Placement (Vintage PS)
I came into possession of an old Electro D-612T variable DC power supply. Based on what I've read here and other places it was manufactured in the 1950s, and sold for a whopping $39.95 US at Radio Shack, which today would run around $390 US. These were apparently u... |
H: Switching based on voltage
I am trying to figure out the supply voltage for an 12V induction probe. The probe requires 12v and the supply could either be 12 or 24v. Currently, I have a SPDT switch to manually choose the supply voltage. When the switch is set to 24v the output goes through a 12v voltage regulator an... |
H: What does this plot represent for 3 phase induction motor?
I got a 3 phase induction motor with the following plot (please see below).
On Y axis: Pm + Pfe represent the mechanical and iron losses, Pm being the mechanical losses, and PFe the iron losses.
On X axis: That's the electrical nominal tension U. In this c... |
H: EAGLE - set part to a different layer without mirroring it
I need to set a new layer for a part without actually mirroring it.
I have many pin headers already set up on my board and wired up, but I need some of them to face the other way (Set them to bottom layer). This is just an aesthetic feature, but it would be... |
H: MAX233 problem with receiving data
I need to make serial connection between regular PCs and a 3.3v TTL device, I using the Maxim 233 which has internal capacitors.
I have the PCs incoming TD connected to R1_IN and RD T1_OUT.
The ground pin5 is connected to the frame ground as well and its connected to the maxim233s... |
H: programmable timer / clock generator
I need to generate a square wave / clock with configurable frequency between say 60 to 500Hz.
There are not stringent requirements on the frequency stability.
I need to be able to modulate this frequency at run time periodically (say once every few seconds) using an external uC ... |
H: Can this battery power the motors?
I'm trying to find a battery which can power two 24volt motors. They each use 12amps, so I think collectively they will use 24 amps. I want the battery to at least last an hour.
This battery I'm considering supposedly has 42980 mAh but I'm not sure because it says 3.7/42980mAh. Is... |
H: Modeling IF transformers in PSpice
How can I create an "IF AMPLIFIER TRANSFORMERS" in PSpice?
Which one should I choose? "Forward" or "Two Winding"?
And if there is no problem, just according to this site (https://www.electronics-tutorials.com/filters/if-amplifier-transformers.htm#:~:text=IF%20amplifier%20transfor... |
H: How does this RC circuit in a fan regulator work?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I came across this circuit in this link, but I am not able to understand how this RC circuit works.
Could someone explain it to me?
Should I consider this as a parallel RC circuits?
If the input is a 220... |
H: Charge Li-ion battery with protection directly through dev board
I am buying some Li-ion pouch batteries (3.6 V) and charging circuits for a project. The batteries come with overheating, over-voltage, and over- and undercharging protection circuitry.
In the reviews, someone mentions that you can use any source to ... |
H: QC1602a Font Color
I have an unbranded QC1602A V2.0 display connected to a Raspberry Pi over 4-pin interface mode. Backlight and contrast are set in hardware, neither are controlled over the Raspberry Pi.
If I setup the display as it should be (16x2 characters of 5x8 pixels each), the text is displayed in a very ha... |
H: Charge 5,4V supercap with 12V solar panel
I'm building a circuit to charge a series of two supercap (500F, 2.7V each) with a solar panel (wich outputs, not sc, 18V@1.5A with direct sunlight at 12pm). Those supercap will then power an esp8266 and a WS2812b strip of 5 led during night.
simulate this circuit – Schema... |
H: OP1678 running hot
I have built a circuit that converts a 0-5 V signal to a +/- 9 volt signal using OPA1678 Op-Amps (original design from Here). The 0-5V signal is received from a 10k potentiometer across the +5V and GNDA Rails.
The circuit operates exacly as desired, save one thing: the circuit even without a l... |
H: What are the maintenance steps for PCBs?
If I have a multimeter that can measure current, voltage, capacitors, resistors, ..etc., how can I detect the damaged component(s) in a PCB?
I try to visually detect if there are any damaged components such as a blown fuse, broken resistor, black components (due to excessiv... |
H: What is the function of diode and capacitor in RS232 shifter circuit?
as shown in the picture, can anyone explain the capacitor and diode in detail? Thank you!
AI: RS232 logic levels are (from memory)
high: -12 to -3 V.
low: +3 to +12 V.
Since your level shifter is interfacing with a device with only a single-end... |
H: How to protect H-bridge from burning
I'm building an H-Bridge to drive a 5v DC motor.
We made the circuit with SMD components And everything works properly.
But the problem arises when the motor output gear is held manually.
The motor's two-pin voltage is reduced ,and And the current passing through the transistors... |
H: ESP32 AND CP2102 Serial data reading issue
I have a PCB on which i am taking a 5v - 1A DC power supply , and again providing 3.3v to ESP32 through AMS-1117 3.3v.
Basically things are not working on when i solder the esp32 on my pcb but things are working when i check it with NodeMCU version of ESP32 ( development ... |
H: Input resistance
We are learning about opamps. Currently the topic is about input/output impedances. It is stated, that this opamp has input resistance of 2k.
https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/circuits/opamp_basics/operational-amplifier-input-impedance.php states that "input impedance for the circuit is at ... |
H: P-Channel Mosfet
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I have a FQP27P06 P-Channel MOSFET that I am trying to drive. My source to my motor is 12v. From my understanding, I should be able to turn this "ON" with -10v (so I should be able to use 1-2V or either put the gate to ground?). I have ... |
H: Q: Slew Rate of MCP601
I am using the MCP601 for rectification of small AC signals. I got it working.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
however at high frequencies (20kHz) weird behavior starts to surface such as this.
I understand is has something to do with the chip spending too long i... |
H: Can SPI and I2C be implemented using GPIO pins?
Can SPI and I2C be implemented using digital GPIO pins? I.e. can the SDA and SCK pins of I2C and the MISO, MOSI, SCK, and SS pins of SPI be emulated by setting GPIO pins as input and output accordingly?
For example in the case of an Arduino/Atmega328p, certain pins ha... |
H: Via stitching removes solid ground plane
I read in some places that having a solid ground plane is needed . Does not via stithing causing the solid ground plane to become broken? Is this okay?
Also when everyone talks about return current, are they talking about the current flowing underneath the trace itself or th... |
H: Odd distortion in op-amp circuit for audio amplification
I'm new to electronics, so I apologize if this is simple.
I'm trying to create a simple amplifier mainly for a guitar input, but testing it with an output and input from my sound interface.
The circuit produces a weird distortion that I don't know what is, bu... |
H: Why does a Pull down resistor not affect AC
I've been reading up and trying to learn about Guitar Pedal circuits.
I have a very basic question about how a Pull Down resistor is used at the beginning and end of a circuit to avoid a popping noise. See Diagram below.
Based on my understanding - A popping noise is us... |
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