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H: How can cache be that fast?
Here is a screenshot of a cache benchmark:
In the benchmark the L1 cache read speed is about 186 GB/s, with the latency being about 3-4 clock cycles. How is such a speed even achieved?
Consider the memory here: the theoretical maximum speed is
665 MHz (memory frequency) x 2 (double data... |
H: why does current flow from (+) psu A to (-) psu B?
I am a self-taught hobbyist, and I have a question about an experiment that I did. I got two ATX power supplies, a and b, and hooked them up as follows:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I was not expecting current to flow, but to my surpr... |
H: Can anyone identify this resistive component?
I got this components:
Resistance about 9 to 10 Ohms.
I am unable to identify this components.
edit:
Thank you so much answering this question.
Yes it is a 0.15A PTC fuse. ITrip is about 0.5A and it is very slow.
AI: I believe they are Tyco/Raychem TRF600-150, hig... |
H: Calculating correct resistor for an optocoupler
I need to convert 12v inputs to a 3.3v electric imp005, i have a bunch of TLP521 optocouplers i bought to repair something (i've never used one in a circuit before).
From the data sheet it looks like the recommended forward current for the LED is 16ma at 1.15v so i th... |
H: How to calculate the current of a MCU and CAN BUS circuit?
I have a circuit which uses a STM32F205RGY MCU, and two SN65HVD230 CAN Bus transceivers, one 20mA LED with a 100Ω resistor and a USB port.
The MCU will run a 24MHz crystal.
Each CAN Bus Transceiver will run at 1Mbps
The USB is standard speed.
The circuit i... |
H: Will this circuit work ? 100 Leds project
I am new to electronics. I have been given 100 Leds project by my teacher at college . Can anyone here validate this circuit.
Thanks in advance.
AI: No, that's a really bad circuit. You have 100 LEDs, all in parallel. Bad idea.
Since this is a assignment, I'm not going to... |
H: Propagation delay in case of synchronous counters
Consider 4 bit counter as shown below:-
Here suppose we consider propagation delay of each flip flop =2ns and propagation delay of each AND gate is 3ns, then what will be the total propagation delay?
As all flip flops get the same clock, we add the propagation dela... |
H: Playing around with I2C does not yield expected results for SSD1306-OLED
I'm trying to use an OLED-screen with I2C, but nothing happens (literally) so I come here to see if anyone can shed some lights on what I've done wrong.
My first approach was to write a software I2C-driver, after I read up about the protocol f... |
H: DC motor constant acceleration
I am looking at sizing a motor for lifting a mass a set distance in a set time and have found multiple design notes that have allowed me to complete this task. For example https://www.maxonmotor.com/medias/sys_master/root/8815460712478/DC-EC-Key-Information-14-EN-42-50.pdf?attachment=... |
H: Why sometimes I have voice but no data on a GSM network?
From what I understand, both voice and data are using the same antenna (At least 3G).
Sometimes in a remote area, I have plenty of signal but no data service.
Is it possible some cell towers don't offer data (voice only)?
AI: GSM by itself does not support da... |
H: SMD Elements on the back of THT
I'm designing a PCB right now and found out I can save a lot of space using the back of THT elements:
In the picture there's IC1 (ATMega) and LCD. I design only 1-sided PCB for now. IC1 and LCD are put "flipped", so the pins of them are on this side, and the big things (screen, IC1 ... |
H: Charge distribution in an open circuit
This is a pretty simple question about electric charge flow, but it's something that I just need a clear answer on. So if net charge on a conductor will spread out over the surface (because like charges repel and want to get as far away from each other as they can). But what... |
H: Buffering a Digital Microcontroller Signal for Connecting to an Optocoupler
I frequently work on projects in which I use optocouplers for isolating digital +5VDC control signals (for example, from a microcontroller) from the rest of the circuit. However, since these work by illuminating an LED inside the device, th... |
H: Relationship between base-emitter voltage, base current and collector current
I'm reading Sedra's Microelectronics book and I can't understand the following:
We can get a relationship between \$I_b\$ and \$V_{BE}\$ (DC):
$$I_B=\frac{V_{BB}}{R_B}-\frac{1}{R_B}V_{BE}$$
This tell us that \$I_B\$ and \$V_{BE}\$ are in... |
H: Capacitance on the output of an op amp
I have read a lot about capacitive loads on the output of an op-amp and the possibility of unwanted oscillations and instability. my knowledge on phase margin and frequency domain analysis is a little weak and I can't figure out if my circuit bellow is gonna be unstable or not... |
H: Unexpected plots for active low pass filter response in LTspice
I was trying to compare the differences between passive and active filters and below is for almost same cut off and by using an ideal opamp:
Above was something I expected.
But then I used a real opamp LM324 and obtain the following outputs:
And fo... |
H: Raspberry PI 3 - LiFePO4 power supply
I'm working on a mobile computer unit with a Raspberry PI 3 motherboard. The computer unit needs to run on battery so i can bring it with me anywhere. I'm going to solder both the battery pack and power supply (buck or buck boost) myself, since it need to fit as perfect as poss... |
H: Increase EEPROM capacity and data lines
Question: I need to increase the capacity and data lines of a EEPROM board using decoder and/or basic logic gates. The EEPROM is Hitachi HN58C1001. it is 128K by 8 bits. Task is to make it 1M by 32 bits.
My guess is to use decoder (3to8) and connect it to CE pins of 8 of this... |
H: Logic Level Translator Operation
I'm trying to analyze the Sparkfun Logic Level converter found here:
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009
A rough schematic is shown below:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Now, I've looked at the application note mentioned on Sparkfun's page, and I und... |
H: Can a single bjt PNP be an or gate?
I'm curious, with a transistor being equivalent to two diodes, could one wire a single PNP with a pull down diode to be an OR gate? My thinking is as follows:
Is this right, or wrong. Why?
AI: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Figure 1. A tidy versio... |
H: Measuring voltage 10 times every second with HP 34401A DMM
I'm trying to measure voltage continuously for a short time using the HP 34401A digital multimeter. To do this I have connected the DMM to my PC via RS-232. The PC is running Windows 10 and I use Termite which is a serial monitor. With this setup I can cont... |
H: Finding replacement for transistor, what to look for
I have a schematics that uses the BS270 FET transistor, but I want to know what to do if one is not available or one wants to adapt the schematics to a different transistor
What quantities should I look for in order to match a transistor to another? Gate, Source,... |
H: Reverse voltage flowing from drain to source in P channel MOSFET
The below given circuit works as a switch. The P channel MOSFET has max Vdss = -30V and Vgss = +/- 20V.MOSFET DATASHEET
The voltage divider protects the gate of the MOSFET from exceeding it's Vgss in case if high voltage is applied.
Now the issue is, ... |
H: Transistor's Input Current
This circuit is shown without coupling capacitors and source, which means I am referring only to DC.
If I define Ib1 (Q1) with voltage divider, so that Ic1 (Q1) equals 10mA and Ib2 (Q2) equals 5 mA:
Will the 10mA current be flowing into the base of Q2 or the 5mA current?
Or will 10mA cur... |
H: What is current in RL-circuit?
When t<0
Components in circuit are Jt = 3 A, R1 = R2 = 2 Ω, R3 = 4 Ω ja L = 10 H
At t=0 switch K will be closed and i need to figure out what iL(t) is when t=4
So i tried to figure out iL(t) with differential equation.
First i combined R1 and R2 to get R12=1Ω
Then i transformed... |
H: What does radio frequency "potential" mean?
Page 1-2 (Naoki Shinohara: Wireless Power Transfer via Radiowaves)
During the same period, when Marchese G. Marconi and Reginald
Fessenden pioneered communication via radiowaves, Nicola Tesla
suggested the idea of wireless power transfer and carried out the
first W... |
H: Identifying and specing an Inductor
I have a circuit board with a surface mounted inductor which I believe is a film inductor. The board is not working properly and there is a loud squealing sound coming from said inductor so I am trying to replace it. I have located it in the data sheet for the board but I am inex... |
H: In microprocessor 8085, how can I clear/reset all flags(s,z,ac,p,cy) without affecting contents of accumulator?
I only know the code in which accumulator contents are affected. It is not a duplicate as I have asked for a solution which doesn't affect accumulator.
AI: You can reset the all the flags by executing ins... |
H: Binary number divisible by 3
I have do design a series circuit.
There are 3 inputs x0x1x2 which represent a 3 digit binary number.
There is one output y.
y = 1 if and only if the current number multiplied by the previous number is divisible by 3. I am supposed to use T FlipFlops.
I was thinking that I could get awa... |
H: What is the purpose of external terminals on a logic probe?
I have an LP-3500 logic probe. In addition to the normal connectors to power and ground at the bottom, it comes with two external terminals (one red, one black), which can be connected on the side near the tip:
What is the purpose of the external terminal... |
H: Controlling a latching solenoid with the DRV8838: Is this PCB design correct?
I'm using the following Texas Instruments devices: DRV8838 (Low-Voltage H-Bridge Driver) and MSP430G2553 microcontroller. The purpose of the DRV8838 is to control a 9V latching solenoid. To test it, I have used the the DRV8838 breakout bo... |
H: 4148ST diode marking?
I ordered some (what I thought to be) 1N4148 diodes. However, the part number on the diodes I received reads: 4148ST. I have searched the realms of Google DuckDuckGo, and have found no indications whatsoever on what the ST means. Are the diodes I received 1N41148s? Or are they some other kind ... |
H: Radiated power by the antenna
For this question in my view the the output power should be \$1 mW\$ since the antenna is lossless,and so no ohmic power should be dissipated and the radiated power should equal the power fed.
\$\eta_r=\frac{P_{rad}}{P_{in}}\$,here antenna is lossless so \$\eta_r=1\$ so \$P_{rad}=P_{i... |
H: How to account for input noise on a zero crossing detector op amp?
To save potential confusion let me start by saying I just started learning opamp theory about a week ago. I'm currently familiar with inverting, non-inverting, summer, and difference opamps.
My (fairly new) understanding of zero crossing detectors i... |
H: Twisted pair for mains AC load wiring?
Working on an enclosure in which there will be low voltage high precision circuitry (my area of more experience) coexisting with fairly high current (~15A) 120VAC load wiring (my area of less experience). Would be it be advisable to twist those AC wiring pairs which carry equ... |
H: Programming a new STM32 chip
I am new to STM32 and recently trying to make a custom board with STM32F103RB. But I am a bit confused by the available methods to program the chip. Let's say I use ST-Link via SWD, does it mean that I do not need to burn bootloader to the chip on my own? That is, does it mean that I ca... |
H: What does the 902-927Mhz in UHF RFID means?
I have an ALN9662 uhf sticker with operating frequency of 840-960Mhz while my integrated reader is 902-927Mhz. I'm just wondering if uhf tag sends its data in a fixed frequency in air? or are there instances that it might change while on air?
I configure the reader to 90... |
H: Interaction of electromagnetic waves
Is there any cap on electromagnetic waves on the amplitude a certain frequency can carry?how does the amplitude affect the wave interactions?
AI: In free space or a homogeneous dielectric (like plastic), the interaction of electromagnetism is purely linear. This means that, clas... |
H: Cheap and easy way of coating breakout board/wires black?
Part of my housing for an arduino based project leaves the back of a screen breakout board and several wires visible through a grill and I need to cover these in black to minimise visibility as the housing itself is black.
The board itself is already conform... |
H: A basic level question about grounds in a differential amplifier circuit
As far as I know, voltage is a defined with respect to a common ground in circuits. So if there is a source and a receiver/amplifier; then they should have a common ground if we want to talk meaningfully about the voltages at any node.
Below i... |
H: Is the '0V' on a non-isolated buck converter the same on the input as it is on the output?
I'm working on a project where I want to switch a load (utility LED light, +- 20W) using a motion sensor. The PIR can only operate at a maximum of 12 volts, while the load can be operated at a voltage between 12-36 volts. I w... |
H: Irll024N logic level mosfet + atmega 2560 problem
We're designed a circuit based on an atmega2560 and wanted to turn on or off some parts of our pcb.
So we've installed an logic level mosfet (IRLL024N) that was supposed to act as a switch on our 5V line.
The mosfet is controlled by a digital pin of the atmega set t... |
H: Which of these diagrams should be in the copper side of pcb?
I'm trying a DIY PCB using toner transfer method then etching but I am confused with the diagram below. I thought the top trace goes to the copper board but there's this bottom trace which shows solder side. Which of the two goes to the copper side? Any h... |
H: Must the SPICE M= multiply parameter be an integer?
M= is used as a multiplier of component values in SPICE to effectively create multiple parallel copies of SPICE components. I think of it as a current-controlled current source on every pin of a device.
Does the M value have to be an integer?
AI: No, it doesn't ... |
H: wire to board connector for 10 wires
I was looking for a quick way of attaching 10 wires to a PCB Header. This is for a production job of 50 units at a time, the header style/ design is fixed. Three components are to be attached to the header, 1 x 2 wire solenoid and 2 x 4 wire sensors.
From what I can tell the op... |
H: Logic shutdown for CMOS oscillator
I would like to add a !(SLEEP) line for this CMOS oscillator in a way that in case of low input on !(SLEEP) line, the output PWM line is constant low.
2 questions for the circuit:
In this case do I need to use Schmitt trigger for the AND gate?
Is there a simpler, more professiona... |
H: Do I have to provide VCC to every VCC pin on Atmega32u4 MCU?
Atmega32u4 has 7 VCC pins. Can I connect 1 of the 7 VCC pins to the power supply to power the MCU, and use the rest of the VCC pins (6 of them) on the MCU to power other peripherals, such as LEDs?
AI: Not sure where you see 7. The datasheet shows 2 AVCC, ... |
H: Single-supply amplifier design without output capacitor?
I'm working to create a small amplifier using a single 12V supply. One (of several) limitations I have encountered is the necessary size of the output capacitors(1000uF to deliver 20Hz into 8ohm loads) and the associated power loss (1000uF @ 20Hz has nearly 8... |
H: RJ45 connector on breadboard
For my project which for the next (many) months I want to make it on a breadboard.
I ordered RJ45 connectors, but these do not fit on a breadboard. What would be a good way (or is there a way) to connect these on a breadboard?
Of course I can solder 8 wires but than still the connector ... |
H: What does a black band at the end of a resistor mean?
I have a burned out big blueish gray resistor (probably a 1/2 or 1 watt) that I'm trying to find the value of but there is a mysterious black band at the end of the resistor where the tolerance band would be but obviously the tolerance/failure rate/temperature b... |
H: How is silicon for ICs produced?
You hear in grade school that the input to silicon foundries is sand and ICs come out the other side, but you never much more about the refining process or what is actually involved in extracting silicon from the overall sand composition.
How is silicon for foundries sourced and/or ... |
H: Can I replace a NUP2105L voltage suppressor with a NUP3105L?
Someone gifted me a device to read electronic control units from cars and trucks. They gave it to me because they don't use it and they have also removed some components from it to fix another device.
I am trying to rebuild it but theres a missing compone... |
H: LED Strip Controller - Can someone check over my schematic?
This is my first time designing a circuit with any kind of computer program, and before I ordered all the components and PCBs I just wanted to make sure I wasn't making any rookie mistakes since the whole circuit is made up from datasheet examples and answ... |
H: Switching pre regulator and linear regulators
I need to have a 5v supply with around an amp of current draw max, and a 6v supply with around a 4amps current draw max. I was thinking: instead of having two switching regulator circuits, just having one 5amp 9v switching regulator circuit feeding into an Lm7805 and an... |
H: Is it okay to use a device whose junction temperature is more than operating temperature?
I am searching for a voltage regulator which gives output voltage of 3.5V, 2A with input of 7.5V min. I have seen L6932 HIGH PERFORMANCE 2A ULDO LINEAR REGULATOR.
In the datasheet there is calculation for junction temperature ... |
H: Simple way to isolate video signal
To avoid ground loops I want to isolate several video channels (base-band).
I have a video source with 4 channel, they all share the same ground.
I'm thinking about some transformer like used in audio application with an impedance of 75 ohm. Two issues: I can't find a suitable pro... |
H: Figuring out the protocol of an SPI device without a datasheet
I am pondering about interfacing with the iPad Mini 2 touch panel. It seems that no one has successfully done this and/or published anything about it, so I want to take a stab at it.
As far as I understand the device uses a custom touch screen controlle... |
H: Part identification: electret mic
I'm currently trying to reverse engineer a remote in my headphones (one of these three button things). The remote seems to work fine, but the mic is intermittent - at times it will work perfectly, at other times it will go completely silent.
In order to proceed further in trying to... |
H: Complementary Transistor Pair
I am wondering, why is there no complementary transistor pairs to buy, since their use as individual devices is pretty common in audio amplifier applications.
So for complementary transistor pair it is desired to have as identical properties as possible (gain, bandwidth, breakdown volt... |
H: Best solder wire - Sn63Pb37 vs Sn60Pb40 vs ...?
Usually my circuits are full of very fine-pitch SMD components. I solder the prototypes manually, which takes a lot of time. Good tools and high-quality solder can speed up the process.
I prefer using leaded solder, as it flows better at relatively low temperatures. T... |
H: Does a saturated inductor radiate more?
Background:
I am using a shielded inductor in a switching power supply, and am investigating an EMI issue.
My hypothesis is that since the inductor is saturated, the magnetic field is no longer contained in the ferrite core, and the inductor becomes equivalent to an air core ... |
H: High-side switch Vs Complete mosfet push-pull configuration to drive an inductive load
In my application, a microcontroller with 5V logic needs to drive two 12V DC fans in voltage. The microcontroller will use a PWM drive signal with a carrier frequency of 32 kHZ. For several reasons, I want to drive the fans with ... |
H: Ground Plane for different GND types
I am looking for any recommendations or suggestion for Ground Planes for two different grounds
I am designing a battery powered device with two voltage sources, 1 coming from the AC wall and other from a Li-ion battery when there is not energy available from the AC wall.
in the ... |
H: How do I lower the amps without tampering with the voltage?
I have old speakers and decided to make them useful again by making then battery powered but I am new to this so I'm not 100% sure on what to do. In the speakers there is a small transformer which converts the 230 volts to 12 volts and 1.2 amps but I have ... |
H: Ceramic Capacitors
What is the difference between General purpose and Automotive grade ceramic capacitors, if they have the same capacitance, temperature coefficient and operating temperature. is there a manufacturing or design difference or are they the same except the Automotive ones go through additional screeni... |
H: Why are there not more cores in modern CPUs?
Many often confuse the meaning of Moore's Law... it refers to the number of transistors on a chip, not performance.
A while back, it became apparent that the gains from increasing clock frequency on chips was not worth the expense and chip makers started adding extra cor... |
H: How to get text in svg2poly for Eagle?
I'm working with Eagle 7.7.0 and trying to import SVG files using svg2poly to put a logo on the silkscreen. To aid in the process, I've downloaded the current version of Inkscape, which is 0.92. I'm working from a combination of the instructions on the GitHub site and this tu... |
H: Isolate UART Signal Pins
I'm working with an embedded cell modem that will be living on a battery, hopefully for a long period. It only wakes up and sends data occasionally. To that end, my plan is to cut power to it when it's not needed to conserve power. However, I've noticed that if I put a MOSFET-based switc... |
H: Back voltage on voltage regulators
I am busy designing a custom board based on Arduino's pro mini
design.
In the official design, they have a MIC5205 voltage regulator supplying a constant 5V to the ATMEGA328 chip. However it is also possible to feed in 5V directly to the chip if you so wish, but when you do so, y... |
H: Current distribution for parallel zeners
Suppose you've got two 5V1 zeners in parallel. Due to slight differences between the two parts (tolerance on zener voltage), one of them will conduct more current.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
The one consuming most current will heat up more. T... |
H: How to implement OpAmp floating input protection
I needed a VCCS so then I simulated the circuit below in LTSpice and it worked great. I also designed the PCB and produced it, solder it and it still works great. But I have a big problem!
When the input (positive input of the opamp) is left unconnected, and the load... |
H: Do I need a crystal to for the Atmel SAM D20 MCU to Run at 48 MHz?
I am working on a very small device and would like to use the Atmel SAM D20 as MCU (this variant ATSAMD20E16).
Reading the data sheet, there is only one point I do not find clearly spelled out:
Do I need a crystal to run this MCU at 48 MHz?
I found,... |
H: Low side N-Mosfet buck converter
I often see schematics of basic buck converters. The majority of these schematics use a P-MOSFET as high side switch.
Why is this design preferred over a low side, N-MOSFET buck converter?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Would this design work?
The load i... |
H: Electricity Energy/Power measure with Different power factor
I am designing a circuit that measures the energy consumed from 50Hz AC supply (error must be < 1%), by measuring the voltage through potential divider; and current from shunt resistor. Then these two signals go to ADC inputs of microcontroller PIC18F46K8... |
H: How does the voltage difference develop when MOSFET is biased with Current Source?
I have a circuit in LTSPICE which is performing as desired but I could not understand the working of it. Basically I have an NMOS circuit shown below (fig a):
Here are some values which I calculated previously for this specific tran... |
H: Controller to increase phase or gain margin
I can't find any good sources on this one. The only textbook I have says nothing about it. I've been restricted to the use of some formulas given by our teacher which I don't understand why they achieve the increase. He didn't want to work much on this kind of controller ... |
H: STM32 HAL UART Transmit DMA problem
After setting up my project for a custom STM32F7 board which includes a FT2232H UART<->USB converter I got multiple problems when sending (and receiving data). The code I use is mostly generated by CubeMX and is at the end of the post.
First of all I can't get the stm to transmit... |
H: when given voltage, reverse voltage according to scale
I am given a DC line with a variable voltage along a set scale: let's say 0-10V. I would like to send an output DC line with a voltage reversed along that scale.
For example:
10 Volts in becomes 0 Volts out,
9 Volts in becomes 1 Volt out,
5 Volts in becomes 5 ... |
H: Extending length of wire where the spark is produced on a mini tesla coil
How can I extend / increase the length of wire where the spark comes from on my mini musical tesla coil? See my mini tesla coil below along with the quick connector I'm using to extend the wire with. When I try and extend the wire using a q... |
H: Long distance point to point microwave links - frequency and beam dispersion/angle?
I occasionally see dishes on towers pointing horizontally, which I assume are long distance microwave links. Can anyone give me an example of frequency used and beam angle in radians of the directional beam?
AI: Frequencies can be a... |
H: A question about differential measurement system
Below represents a differential measurement system for a data-acquisition:
As far as I understood, in a differential measurement system neither the outputs of the signals nor the inputs to the differential amplifier is tied to ground. That's why many places I read t... |
H: Dielectric Transformer Oil
Which commercial oil can i use for isolation of a high voltage transformer+voltage doubler?.The output voltage is about max 60kv.
AI: Nynas brand transformer oil is pretty common in this voltage range is rated at 25kV/mm.
When further "processed" in-house it can be up to 75kV/mm.
Typicall... |
H: STM32F769 USB FS Pin PB13 Question
Taken from the datasheet Pg. 186 "When VBUS sensing feature is enabled, PA9 and PB13 should be left at their default state (floating input), not as alternate function. A typical 200 μA current consumption of the sensing block (current to voltage conversion to determine the differe... |
H: Yamaha DTX Multi-12 drum pad SW/HW hack
I have a Yamaha DTX Multi-12 drum pad. It's great, but its fatal design flaw is it doesn't support samples over ~5 sec/ ~100 KB. I would love to be able to import pop-song-length CD-quality samples (+5 min. @ 192 Kbps).
I don't really know where to start with this. My first g... |
H: two or more SDP610 Pressure sensor Interface with Arduino uno using I2C
I have interfaced one SDP610 Pressure Sensor using I2C with Arduino Uno R3.
Now I want to Interface more than one sensor with same controller(uno board).
I don't find any higher or lower address in my sensor datasheet. In my code address of se... |
H: Mobile Power Bank 18650 Battery Charger
My question is about the below power bank charging module. We connect 3.7V 18650 type batteries to this module. Then the output voltage of this module via USB is 5V. My question is how it returns 5V using 3.7V batteries.
Here is the product link :
Mobile Power Bank Module
AI... |
H: beta of inverting opamp amplifier
I have doubt about beta of feedback loop of inverting amplifier.
The expression for the feedback gain is :
$$A_{cl} =\frac{A}{1 + A \cdot \beta}$$
what is value of beta here? and how do I reach to final expression
$$A_{cl} =\frac{R_f}{R_in}$$
AI: The circuit is not exactly equival... |
H: How to combine and protect two 12V automotive signals into one?
In the below circuit, the DC component (6V) of a bridged car head unit speaker wire turns on a LM53601 buck converter. The LM53601 accepts voltages up to 42V. The +12V input into Q2 is protected to withstand the pulses described in ISO 7637. I have use... |
H: ARM Cortex M0+ CoreMark Ratings
Currently when I work with microcontrollers, I use Microchip PICs and I'm happy enough with them. However, I decided to just take a look at ARM for a possible upcoming project. I wanted the pick the best (fastest at calculations at the cheap/low-power end) ARM. On the ARM website(her... |
H: Can anyone identify this 12V DC power connector found on a radio transmitter?
This connector is used on the back of a QYT KT-8900D radio, in between the radio unit and a cigarette lighter-type plug. The unit itself takes between 12V and 15V, and I think less than 2A of current.
I'm looking for some sort of standard... |
H: Should I worry about EMC when building a PWM stepper motor driver with 1.5 meter cable?
I am building a board that would drive a stepper motor with PWM signal.
Is it likely that it will pass the EMC test?
Here are the details:
I am using Trinamic TMC5130 stepper motor driver chip.
The PWM frequency is 78.0 kHz
The ... |
H: How to measure line voltage (220V) with an arduino?
I'm a Electrical Engineering student and I want to sense and sample the voltage signal coming from a wall socket (110V - 220V). I came up with the following circuit using a voltage divider with high impedance and a diferential amplifier. I would like to avoid usi... |
H: Can you please help me identify these components and state their function?
Can you please help me identify these components and state their function?
These were taken from the inside of a digital thermometer.
AI: It looks like the baby got your digital thermometer.
Can you please help me identify these component... |
H: Switch case statement in MikroC for dsPIC?
I have three decision digital variable. So I have to make 8 decisions with these digital variables. The problem of mine is in understanding the behaviour of the switch-case statement in MikroC.
Actually I have to made decision as when three digital pin are 0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0... |
H: What is behavior of this virtual ground circuit when sourcing/sinking current?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This is the virtual ground circuit from a battery-powered headphone amplifier(direct link to schematic PDF). What is the behavior of the pseudo-ground as the opamp attempts to s... |
H: Exponential amplifier thermal stabilisation
I am currently trying to build a DIY analog synthesizer. I've looked at a lot of different designs and I am quite stuck on understanding how some exponential amplifier designs work.
In analog synthesizers an exponential amplifier based on a BJT transistor differential pai... |
H: Bias current in the Amplifier branch
In this Common Source CMOS amplifier, the current is set by PMOS (3), it's 2* Ibias due to 1:2 mirror.
However NMOS (1) is also a current source with gate at Vi, why the current in the branch is not set by this?
AI: I've used this topology ---- constant current source load for ... |
H: Guard bands in OFDM
Consider the use of OFDM in 802.11a (5GHz band) as shown in this picture taken from NI's White Paper:
For a 20MHz channel with a frequency spacing of 0.3125MHz between the subcarriers, there are a total of 64 possible sub-channels. As per the standard, 52 subcarriers are used to transfer data, ... |
H: How to replace TTL PROMs in a design operating at 20MHz
I am attempting to come up with a reasonable way of implementing a design that was intended for cheap computer applications in the 1980s and which was originally designed to use a pair of TTL PROMs (a 28S42 and a 24S10) to control a state machine and decode st... |
H: Wireless security for repetitive messages?
I'm designing myself a custom home automation system. Eventually, I want to expand the system to include security/alarm. The easiest way I know to do this is to include wireless capabilities.
This got me thinking about wireless security. The messages from let's say motion... |
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