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德意志联邦共和国驻广州总领事馆（），简称德国驻广州总领事馆，是德国设在广州的总领事馆，领区范围包括广东省、福建省、广西壮族自治区、海南省四个省区，于1995年10月开馆，隸屬於北京的德國駐華大使館。
历史
早期
德意志联邦共和国和中华人民共和国于1972年10月建交，现在的德国驻广州总领事馆于1995年10月开馆，但德国的驻广州领事机构的历史比这早得多，德国委任第一位驻穗领事是在1787年。
18世纪初，欧洲国家与中国的海外贸易迅猛发展，先是经中国南方四个沿海城市通商 但从1765年开始，根据清朝朝廷的法令，只能经广州通商。那时的中国只与外国保持贸易关系，没建立外交关系，把外国使团作为“进贡外国官员”看待。在广州，所有的外商必须遵从中国的规定。中国的对外贸易只由少数一些中国垄断商人经手。被称为十三行的商人（所谓“行商”）犹如受国家之托成了经纪人。这种所谓“广州制度”在诸多方面约束了外商。
这导致了外国商人要求把欧洲的领事机制引入中国以保护他们的利益。许多欧洲国家因此在18世纪通过任命某国商人为驻广州领事以满足商人的要求。但这也许只是外国单方面的行动，中方的官府认为与他们无关。与外国政府的代表接触，对于他们来说，最初是完全不可想象的。第一个被中方视为外国驻广州领事代表的是1837年英国的“中国贸易总监”。因为东印度公司早在1717年就在穗建立了一个广州商馆，所以在当时所有的外商中，广州的英国商人最占据了最有利的位置。
18世纪开始参与广州贸易的德意志地區邦国首先应是普鲁士和汉堡。直接的海外贸易关系始于250多年前的1752年，1751年埃姆登市成立的“普鲁士皇家亚洲贸易公司”（KPAC）的商船抵达广州后。由于中欧战争的原因海外贸易关系于1756年中止了。直到18世纪晚叶，普鲁士和汉堡的商船才又在广州出现。虽然普鲁士抵达广州商船的数量不多，普鲁士王国还是任命了商人为领事并委托他们代表其利益。最初被任命为领事的英国商人有：（1787年）、（1794年及1799年－1808年）、查尔斯·马尼亚克（Charles Magniac，1808年－1824年）、（1825-1840年）。汉堡最初也任命英国人为领事：约翰·麦克维卡（，1829-1853年）和（1831-1843年）。商人真正的兴趣其实是与中国做买卖而不是出任领事，但任领事有助于他们与东印度公司竞争：作为外国领事得到承认后可有权不经东印度公司批准在广州设立公司。
鸦片战争后
根据1842年第一次鸦片战争后签署的南京条约条款，可在条约规定的口岸开设外国领事馆并派遣领事官员，外国人有权在广州落户和开商行。而当时的德国邦国在此后的20年间还任命商人（从1843年开始任命德国商人）为名誉领事。即使1861年中国为一方，普鲁士和德国关税协会为另一方签订了“通商友好航行条约”，德国和中国首次建立了国家级关系后，普鲁士和关税协会的成员还是由曾担任“选任领事”的商人做代表出任领事。
1846年在广州成立“礼和洋行”的Richard von Carlowitz于1847-1869年间出任普鲁士王国的领事, 1869-1871年间为北德联盟的领事。而北德联盟于1866年转承履行1861年的条约的义务。威廉·普斯陶（，1851年，中国第一家德国贸易公司的建立人），代表不莱梅；格奥尔格·特奥多·西门森（，1852-1858，在广州成立“禅臣洋行”），还有另外几个商人代表汉萨同盟市汉堡（1851-1862）。1862年至1869年，三个汉萨同盟市汉堡，不莱梅和卢卑克共用一个领事。甚至其他的德国邦国如萨克森，奥尔登堡（至1865年）和汉诺威（1863年前）也暂时委任商人为名誉领事，在广州商行的晚期画面上有时能看到汉堡或普鲁士的国旗。
直到1871年德意志帝国成立后, 德国才从外交部派遣官员到广州任领事。1871-1917这45年间，广州有一个德意志帝国领事馆。该领事馆1906年9月1日迁到在沙面英租界租地建造的馆址。1911年的辛亥革命后，德意志帝国于1912年承认中华民国。该领事馆就一直继续开至1917年中国向德国宣战。
动荡的时代
1921年5月25日签署了德中协约后，恢复了外交关系。德国放弃了以前的特权，尤其是治外法权和领事裁判权。驻广州的领事馆于1921年9月作为二等总领事馆又开始工作。在沙面旧址的德意志帝国领事馆根据凡尔赛条约134章不得不交还给大英帝国。直到1931年该领事馆才又在沙面找到一个馆址。当时的中国政治形势混乱并越来越复杂，该领事馆的工作条件也很困难。德国政府与北京的中央政府建交。但当时的北京政府几乎无权管理由军阀控制的中国。广州总领事馆在1922-1924年面对两个中国政府，但根据德国政府的指示不支持孙中山在广州的国民政府。直到北伐战争胜利推翻各军阀统治，国民党部队1927年攻占北京后，德国政府才转为承认1928年在南京成立的由蒋介石领导的国民党政府。
由于日本1937年入侵中国，广州在1938年被日本人占领。驻广州总领事馆必须在日本人的占领下工作，1941年9月后既要负责日本人的占领区也要负责继续由重庆控制的非占领区。1941年7月1日，德国转而承认汪精卫的日本傀儡政府。当从南京逃往重庆的民国政府1941年7月3日与德国中断外交关系并于1941年12月9日向德国宣战时，德国驻穗总领事馆还在日本的势力下存在至1945年3月为止。
重设
第二次世界大战50年后，在广州才又开了一个德国领事馆。1993年，德国总理科尔访问广州时，公布了在广州再设德国总领事馆的决定。该德国总领事馆于1995年10月在白天鹅宾馆（几乎是在德意志帝国领事馆100年前栖身的馆楼的对面）开始運作，1996年12月迁入沙面新建的馆址。由于新址靠近美国总领事馆，加上德国是北约的成员国，结果使用不到三年的新馆在1999年反美示威中受到冲击，损毁严重，而同为北约成员的英法两国设在广东国际大酒店的领事馆却能安然无恙（示威人群被限制在酒店外），出于安全的考虑，领事馆随即在同年的12月迁到广东国际大酒店，之后的十年时间英法德三国的领事馆都在同一幢大楼办公，直到2009年的8月份德国领事馆才再搬迁到粤海天河城大厦。
历任总领事
领区内曾设立的领事馆
今天德国驻广州总领事馆的领区是广东，广西，海南和福建。在第一次世界大战前，除了驻广州的领事馆，在这四省区范围内还曾设有四个德国领事馆，包括德国驻福州、驻厦门、驻汕头和驻北海／海口领事馆。
相關條目
德國駐華大使館
德國駐上海總領事館
注释
参考资料
外部链接
德国驻广州总领事馆
德國駐華領事館
驻广州领事机构
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Ketil Lund (born 14 October 1939) is a Norwegian judge.
He was born in Oslo as a son of barrister and director Bernt Bjelke Lund (1898–1956) and Irlin Sommerfelt (1902–1974). He is a paternal grandson of Jens Michael Lund. From 1963 to 1967 he was married to curator Inger Marie Grue; he then married artist Mirella Bussoli. He is a second cousin of fellow Justice Eilert Stang Lund.
He finished his secondary education at Oslo Cathedral School in 1958 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree from the University of Oslo in 1965. He first worked as a deputy judge in Ålesund for one year, as a university lecturer for three years and the Ministry of Industry for one year before working in the Office of the Norwegian Attorney General of Civil Affairs from 1971. In 1978 he started a private lawyer's firm, with among others the Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers' and Translators’ Association as a client. He was a Supreme Court Justice from 1990 to his retirement in 2009.
He sat on the commission that delivered the Norwegian Official Report 1988:8 and chaired the commission that delivered the Norwegian Official Report 1992: On Lobotomy. From 1994 to 1996 he chaired the Lund commission, which looked into illegal political surveillance in Norway in the post–World War II period.
In 2008 he was the cofounder of The International Commission of Jurists - ICJ - Norwegian Section. He is a commissioner of the ICJ from 2010. In 2010 Lund, then retired from the Supreme Court of Norway publicly criticised Norwegian drug policy, stating that the dominant focus on punishment of drug users was unsuccessful and dehumanizing. In criticising Norwegian drug prohibition, Lund follows in the footsteps of Johs. Andenæs, one of the most prominent former professors of law in Norway, and the Criminal Justice Commission of 2002. He has been a critical voice in the human rights field, particularly about issues regarding surveillance and coercive psychiatric care.
Awards
Lund received the Ossietzky Award in 1998.
References
1939 births
Living people
Judges from Oslo
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Supreme Court of Norway justices
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癔症躯体症状怎么治疗？癔症通俗的说法就是一个人会表现出歇斯底里的状态，情绪爆发非常强烈。成年人可能会出现癔症性失聪或者癔症性的躯体症状。癔症的症状是功能性的，因此心理治疗占有重要的地位。该病预后一般较好，60%-80%的患者可在一年内自行缓解。癔症的症状是功能性的，因此心理治疗占有重要的地位。心理治疗中，应该注意以下几点：1.建立良好的医患关系，给予适当的保证，忌讳过多讨论发病原因。早期充分治疗对防止症状反复发作和疾病的慢性化十分重要，医生对患者应予以强调;而初次发病者，合理的解释，说明症状与心因和个性特征的联系，配合理疗和语言暗示，则往往可取得良好的效果;病程已数周，有反复发作倾向者，宜根据病情，制订精神治疗与药物和物理治疗相配合的整体治疗计划。不宜匆忙、草率采取简单的语言暗示。尽管暗示疗法当时有效，但以后容易复发，或出现新的症状，取代原来的症状。根据不同情况，建立良好的医患关系，才有可能真正帮助到患者继续治疗下去。2.检查及实验室检查尽快完成，只需进行必要的检查，以使医生确信无器质性损害为度。需要注意的是，在诊断基本明确以后，应尽可能避免反复检查，过多的、不必要的检查，往往会使病情进一步复杂化。在询问病史或进行检查的过程中，不恰当的提示，可使患者出现一些新的症状和体征。另外，在接触病人和治疗过程中应避免环境中的不良暗示。过多的人围观、对症状过分关注，对患者病情发展表现出强烈的紧张不安，都会使患者寻求注意的倾向增强，从而使病情恶化。3.以消除症状为主。主要采用个别心理治疗、暗示治疗、系统脱敏疗法等。
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李詠裳（），清末民国航运业实业家、银行家。
生平
生于大清宁波府镇海县（今属于宁波市北仑区）。出自小港李家，谱名厚垣，字永祥。1886年，赴上海谋生。早年在久大沙船号做学徒，后升任经理，经营长江航运和海运贸易。1905年，投资上海新兴的钱庄业，开设会余钱庄。合伙同族李也亭孙李屑清于1903年开设同余钱庄，李如山于1906年开设崙余钱庄，成立家族式联网“余”字号钱庄，是中国近现代民族联网银行的雏形。但6家“余”字钱庄于1911年至1912年间纷纷歇业。
1919年，李咏裳再次先后投资三家钱庄。1919年，在上海开设渭源钱庄。1923年，与徐庆云合资，在上海开设敦余钱庄。1931年，与秦君安家族、徐庆云家族合伙在上海开设恒撰钱庄，并聘请俞佐庭任经理。
李后来转而投资新兴近代银行。曾创办上海中华劝工银行，任董事长。曾任四川银行董事长，中华商业银行董事。
1953年，逝世于上海，享年93岁。
家庭
李咏裳出自小港李家，是第三代代表人物之一。是李听涛侄，晚清进士李濂水子，小港李家乾房李弼安孙。李咏裳也是银行家俞佐庭、俞佐宸兄弟的表叔。
李咏裳母李金娥，是小港李家坤房长女。李咏裳有女李辉，嫁夏雨生，得子夏功权（李咏裳外孙），为台湾著名外交家。夏雨生父-{zh-hans:夏启瑜;zh-hant:夏啓瑜;}-亦为晚清进士，与李咏裳父李濂水为故交。
李咏裳二弟李善祥，为著名实业家。
李咏裳长子李祖华，子李祖泰，均为实业家。
参考文献
《浙江省金融志》/第十五篇人物-第一章传记 李咏裳传
参考链接
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变应性荨麻疹是什么？荨麻疹，我们老百姓说风疙瘩，是皮肤科最常见的疾病之一，它的表现就是此起彼伏的风团，风团可以在任何部位，可以在头面部、躯干、四肢，可以是白天、晚上都起。假如是慢性荨麻疹，傍晚和晚上起的时候更多。?变应性荨麻疹就是俗称的“风疹块”，“风疙瘩”。中医学称为“瘾疹”。是一种常见的皮肤、黏膜过敏性疾病。发病原因是由于皮肤组织暂时性水肿引起的。无论是小儿还是成人，均可得这个病。曾有人统计，人群中20%左右的人，在一生中至少会发生一次荨麻疹。多数人皮肤突然发痒，随后几分钟内就发生大小不等、形态不规则的苍白色或红色扁平疙瘩，小的如米粒大，大的风团如菜盘或更大，多数为指甲或分币大小，数量多时分团互相融合、成簇、构成形状各异的图案，边界清楚，周围伴有一个宽窄不等的红晕，皮损多时遍布全身。其发病快，消退也快，单一风团一般持续2-8小时，一般不超过24小时。消退后不留任何痕迹。随起随落，反反复复，一日多次或数日发生一次。在我国古书上早有记载，“初起皮肤作痒，次发扁疙瘩，形成豆瓣，堆累成片，来时无影，去时无踪”，这一描述形象而准确。病人常合并发热和胃肠道症状，有些病人还科合并手足、眼见甚至整个面部局限性水肿。因为本病的临床表现与人接触植物荨麻时的皮肤损害相似，因此称为荨麻疹。荨麻疹病因比较复杂，多数病人找不到确切的原因，常见的引起荨麻疹的原因包括食物，例如高蛋白的食物，如鱼、虾、蟹、牛肉、羊肉等，还有一些植物、食物添加剂等，还有感染，例如肝炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、链球菌、真菌、寄生菌等。
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长沙财经学校原名长沙市财经职业中等专业学校，坐落在中国湖南省长沙市，是一所国家级重点中等职业学校。长沙财经学校占地11.7万平方米，总建筑面积9.1万平方米，截止2021年，长沙财经学校有教职工372人，全日制在校学生近6000人。
沿革
1921年，湖南含光女子中学建立，它是学校的前身。1982年，职业教育正式创设。
专业
长沙财经学校有13个专业。
会计电算化
电子商务
市场营销
物流服务与管理
商务英语
文秘
中餐烹饪与营养膳食
高星级饭店运营与管理
旅游服务与管理
航空服务
城市轨道交通运营管理
美发与形象设计
美容美体
校区
长沙职教基地校区
荷花池校区
校训
敬业、求实、勤奋、廉洁
照片
参考文献
外部链接
1921年建立的教育機構
长沙教育
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中華民國目前依據《憲法增修條文》及《地方制度法》來規範行政區劃制度。如按照現行法律定義區劃層級，一級行政區為省、直轄市，二級行政區為縣、市，三級行政區為鄉、鎮、縣轄市、直轄市山地原住民區、區，四級行政區為村、里，五級行政區則為鄰。
依照1999年制定的《地方制度法》之規定，一、二、三級行政區具有公法人地位，四、五級行政區則為附屬於上級行政區的編組單位，不具有公法人身分。而具有實施地方自治功能之行政區（公法人）稱為「地方自治團體」，目前包括直轄市、縣、市與鄉、鎮、縣轄市。省原為地方自治團體，在《地方制度法》施行後被剔除，成為不具公法人身分的行政區單位；縣與市的地方自治原受省政府監督及指揮，改為實務上由中央政府（行政院）直接負責，但在部分法律與戶籍、國民身分證等政府文書上全稱依然是使用「○○省○○縣（市）」。此外，行政院為了便於地方民眾接洽中央業務，增設數個「區域聯合服務中心」，由各部會以任務編組方式成立，取代省政府原有之功能。由於直轄市、縣、市為最主要的行政區劃及地方自治單位，因而常合稱為「縣市」。現在的範圍是1949年政府遷台後及1950年底喪失海南特別行政區及江蘇省省政府駐地嵊泗縣又1955年受美軍幫助將駐浙江省大陳島部隊轉進自由地區，至此台澎金馬領域除內部劃分調整外，大致不變至今。
歷史沿革
北洋時期
中華民國建國初期，承襲清朝舊制。不同之處在於廢除府，將所有不管縣的州、廳全改為縣，1914年時在省縣之間設置93個道。當時的省份依當時順序排列，有直隸、奉天、吉林、黑龍江、山東、河南、山西、江蘇、安徽、江西、福建、浙江、湖北、湖南、陝西、甘肅、新疆、四川、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州等22省。北洋政府在22個省之外設了京兆地方、熱河、察哈爾、綏遠、川邊等幾個特別區域，西藏、外蒙古、青海3個地方，膠澳、淞滬等2省級商埠，另保留阿爾泰、塔爾巴哈台、伊犛3地區（後均併入新疆省）。
訓政時期
1928年北伐後，國民政府廢除了道，另外設立了行政督察區，作為省的派出機構，一個行政督察區管理十幾個縣。國民政府北伐後，改直隸、奉天2省為河北、遼寧，併京兆特別區入河北，將熱河、察哈爾、綏遠、川邊、寧夏、青海改建為6個省（川邊特別區改建西康省），總計28個省，另外加上西藏、蒙古2個地方，以及分自俄、英收回的東省特別區、威海衛行政區。國民政府並設立特別市（即直轄市），先後設置南京、上海、北平、天津、青島、武漢（後改名為漢口）、廣州（後降為省轄市，抗戰勝利後再升格）、西京（後降為省轄市，抗戰勝利後改稱西安並再升格）、重慶（抗戰時期設置）等9個特別市。此外，東北政務委員會自設興安屯墾區，西南政務委員會曾一度設立瓊崖特別區，馬仲英則一度自設河西省，惟除了瓊崖特別區係獲國民政府報准外，均為地方私設省級政區。
憲政時期
1945年對日抗戰勝利後，中華民國政府將原東北三省根據滿洲國時期的行政區劃改置成東北九省，增設遼北、安東、合江、松江、嫩江、興安等6省及瀋陽、大連、哈爾濱等3個直轄市。中華民國政府接管臺灣後，在和約簽訂前即先納臺灣為35行省之一。中華民國政府並將海南島設立海南特別行政區，以預立建省之準備。
1921年蘇聯控制外蒙古，至1945年中華民國政府與蘇聯簽署《中蘇友好同盟條約》為蒙古地方人民舉辦公投以決定是否承認獨立，於隔年1月5日承認外蒙古獨立。但隨後政府認為蘇聯威脅中國政治獨立與領土完整及遠東和平，1953年中華民國在聯合國通過「控蘇案」，撤銷對外蒙古獨立的承認。1955年中華民國否決蒙古人民共和國（即外蒙古）加入聯合國，但蘇聯以外交手段迫使中華民國停止阻擋，最後外蒙古在1961年加入聯合國。2002年後，中華民國政府逐漸與外蒙古（今名蒙古國）建立非官方之外交關係。
播遷臺灣
1949年國共內戰後，中華民國政府遷臺，此後的行政區劃的變化多僅限於實際統治區；但宣稱仍對大陸地區擁有主權，並撤銷對外蒙古獨立的承認。故仍依照政府遷臺之前之行政區劃繪製中華民國全圖，最新版由內政部於1998年繪製出版，之後未再對大陸地區行政區劃進行發佈。相關政府機關對大陸地區之行政代號亦逐步廢止，例如：行政院主計處主管之《 中華民國各省（市）縣（市）行政區劃代碼》於2005年10月3日公告停止適用；政府所發表之「中華民國年鑑」也於2005年起不再將大陸地區列於「土地」一章之中。2005年所公告之中華民國行政區劃包含35省、14直轄市（1949年以前設立12個，政府遷臺後增設兩個）、2地方（西藏、蒙古）及1特別行政區。此後的區域規劃僅限於實際統治區。
臺灣省
臺灣的行政區劃規劃始於明鄭時期，清朝於1885年成立福建臺灣省；1895年至1945年受日本統治；1945年中華民國接管臺灣與附屬島嶼後，設置行政長官公署，接管之初大至沿用台灣日治時期行政區劃，州廳級改為縣（臺北縣、新竹縣、臺中縣、臺南縣、高雄縣、花蓮縣、臺東縣、澎湖縣）、州廳轄市改為省轄市（基隆市、臺北市、新竹市、臺中市、彰化市、嘉義市、臺南市、高雄市、屏東市，但原宜蘭市與花蓮港市並未改為省轄市，而是為此於縣級下增設5萬人口數以上改為縣轄市）、州轄郡改為縣轄區（區署僅為派出機關）、街庄分別改為鎮鄉，此時臺灣省下設8縣9市。1947年公署改組為臺灣省政府。1949年增設草山管理局（隔年更名為陽明山管理局），原日治時期蕃地亦改為縣轄區。
1950年進行行政區劃調整，將臺灣省轄下8縣9市再劃為16縣（宜蘭縣、臺北縣、桃園縣、新竹縣、苗栗縣、臺中縣、彰化縣、南投縣、雲林縣、嘉義縣、臺南縣、高雄縣、屏東縣、澎湖縣、花蓮縣、臺東縣）、5省轄市（原新竹市、彰化市、屏東市降為縣轄市並劃出部分鄉鎮，嘉義市則直接分為數個鄉鎮）、1管理局，同時廢除縣轄區。1959年臺灣省政府頒布〈臺灣省各縣市實施地方自治綱要〉，調整縣轄市人口數需達10萬方可改制。1967年臺北市升格為直轄市（隔年陽明山管理局與周邊鄉鎮併入臺北市）。1973年7月1日，增設梨山建設管理局。1977年再將改制為縣轄市的人口數標準提升為15萬人。1979年高雄市合併小港鄉升格為直轄市。1981年臺灣省地方自至剛要修法後規定縣政府所在地可不受人口需求直接改制為縣轄市（僅適用於臺灣省）；同年梨山管理局裁撤。1982年再度成立省轄市級的新竹市與嘉義市。
福建省
1949年8月福建省政府遷至金門群島隸屬於福建省金門縣，馬祖列島則分屬於福建省長樂縣、連江縣、羅源縣，烏坵隸屬於福建省莆田縣。1956年7月因金馬地區實施〈戰地政務實驗辦法〉戰地由軍政指揮，金門群島全境由金門縣管理、馬祖列島全由連江縣管理，福建省政府精簡化並遷至臺灣省臺北縣新店鎮（今新北市新店區）。
其他省份
廣東省-海南特別行政區：1949年南海諸島由廣東省劃出成立海南特別行政區，1950年5月解放軍攻下海南島後海南特區政府停止運作。1972年3月7日立法院才通過停止適用《海南特區行政長官公署組織條例》、《海南建省籌備委員會組織條例》兩份法律，直至1979年高雄市改制為直轄市後，南海諸島（東沙島與南沙太平島等）改交由高雄市代管，2003年5月13日正式廢止這兩份法律，同年5月28日總統令正式公布。
江蘇省：1949年後江蘇省政府陸續遷往崇明島、嵊泗列島，1950年隨著國軍撤離嵊泗，中華民國失去江蘇省全境的治權。
浙江省：1949年浙江省政府遷至大陳群島，1955年在大陳島撤退後廢除。
雲南省：1950年雲南省政府遷至泰國曼谷後，於1951年5至7月短暫收復四个縣份，最後因撤離官兵而廢除。
精簡政區
1992年11月7日金馬地區戰地政務終止，1996年1月15日福建省政府遷回金門辦公，但省政府維持原精簡化之編制，且不設省議會。1994年立法院通過《省縣自治法》，將省轄市直接稱為「市」，並廢除縣治可為縣轄市的規定條款。1998年由《地方制度法》取代先前法律，省政府遭虛級化而改為行政院的派出機關；而縣轄市設置規定改為適用全國（人口數標準不變，先前因縣政府所在地而改制的縣轄市不變動）。2009年立法院《地方制度法》修法，增訂各縣市經議會通過或人口數達200萬以上者得以報請行政院申請改制為直轄市。2014年1月立法院修正《地方制度法》部分條文，改制為縣轄市的人口數標準降回10萬。2018年行政院將省級外出機關預算與額員歸零，原業務與額員改由其他部門承接，省級單位實質消失。至此中華民國的行政區劃單位有6直轄市（一級行政區）、3市13縣（二級行政區）與146鄉38鎮14市170區（三級行政區）
關於行政區調整議題，不時有人提出建議。基於歷史因素，臺灣省與福建省的範圍有極大的差距，一個佔全國極大比例，另一個僅轄金門與馬祖且已經虛級化。由於資源大多分配於臺灣南北兩端的臺北市與高雄市，不利於中部地區發展；而原臺北縣人口早已達直轄市標準，也應該給予直轄市規格的資源。另外，縣市劃分過細，缺乏整體規劃。首先先降低區劃階級，也就是省虛級化。李登輝政府時期將臺灣省虛級化，將原由省政府負責的相關業務改由中央行政部門與區域聯合服務中心承接，首先成立南服，陳水扁政府時期又陸續成立中服、東服以分擔業務。而整併政區的部分，許多人提出如「三都十五縣」（馬英九提出）、「四省兩特區雙首都」（呂秀蓮提出）及「六星計畫」（謝長廷提出）等計畫，然而改革的過程遇到許多阻礙。到了馬英九政府時期，以馬英九所主張的三都十五縣計畫為藍圖，實施更多的區劃變更。
1998年，中央政府實施省虛級化政策，使臺灣省政機構大幅精簡；原由省政府負責之政務，轉由行政院及其所屬的區域聯合服務中心來共同承擔。2007年，人口超過200萬的臺北縣升格為準直轄市，可享有直轄市等級之資源分配，而行政區則維持縣級。
2008年馬英九就任總統後，以所主張的三都十五縣計畫為藍圖，原期望至2014年達成，並以漸進的方式進行修改。 但要實現此計畫也有隱憂，例如市「降格」為縣轄市後所引起的不滿，資源可能過度集中三都。桃園縣、臺南縣市亦接近200萬人口，不過臺灣本島面積最大的花蓮縣卻僅34萬人。
2009年，行政院確定臺北縣單獨改制為直轄市並改名為新北市，而高雄縣市、臺中縣市、臺南縣市則各自合併升格為直轄市，此次行政區調整計畫被稱為「五都升格」。此外，桃園縣自2011年起準用直轄市編制，成為「準直轄市」。這和原有三都十五縣的方案有所不同，如臺北縣、臺北市及基隆市最終沒有合併，原不在「三都」構想內的臺南縣市也一併獲得升格。
2010年12月25日，七個縣市提出的縣市改制直轄市案生效，共有新北市（原臺北縣）、臺中市（原臺中縣、市合併）、臺南市（原臺南縣、市合併）、高雄市（原高雄縣、直轄市合併）改制為直轄市，俗稱「五都改制」。經此變更後，中華民國全國行政區劃分為5直轄市、3市、14縣。2010年6月，桃園縣人口超過200萬人，獲行政院核准於2011年起準用直轄市相關規定。
2012年11月，在張通榮市長關說案之後，基隆市的合併問題再度浮上檯面，不論是新北市與基隆市合併、臺北市與基隆市合併、三市（新北市、台北市與基隆市）合併、大基隆市（基隆市加上新北市基隆北海岸地區，獨立成另一個直轄市）、甚至於加入宜蘭縣的合併案，隨著選舉再度成為話題。
2014年12月25日，桃園縣升格為直轄市桃園市。
行政區劃
組織架構
2007年地方制度法修正規定，人口大於200萬的行政區可享有直轄市相關財稅與人事等規定，稱為準直轄市。
2009年地方制度法再度修正，經由當地政府提案並經議會同意即可向中央申請升格為直轄市。如通過，原鄉鎮市皆改為區，區長為官派；升格後，原鄉鎮市民代表以一任官派區咨議員取代，期滿不再指派。
2009年6月經中央政府通過核准改制直轄市的行政區為臺北縣、臺中縣市、臺南縣市、高雄縣市。2010年12月25日將正式成為新北市、臺中市、臺南市、高雄市（原本已為直轄市與高雄縣合併），並與未變動的臺北市成為「五都」，其它改制後的直轄市下轄的區也將整併調整。2010年7月行政院通過桃園縣於2011年1月1日起準用直轄市編制。
2010年12月25日起，劃分為2省、5直轄市，臺灣省劃分為12縣3市（含1準直轄市桃園縣），福建省劃分為2縣。
2014年12月25日起，劃分為2省、6直轄市，臺灣省劃分為11縣3市，福建省劃分為2縣。
省、直轄市、縣、市
省與直轄市
依《地方制度法》規定，省與直轄市並列為最高層級之地方行政單位，直接隸屬於行政院。
省原為地方自治團體，然而在1998年中華民國政府實施「精省」及2018年行政院將省級機關「去任務化」後，省級機關所有行政組織及業務完全移交中央政府。目前僅依照憲法增修條文中「省為中央政府的派出機關」之相關規定，保留省政府（及其主席）、省諮議會（及其諮議長）之名號，省制已完全虛級化。
直轄市為地方自治團體，舊稱「院轄市」。根據《地方制度法》的規定，人口聚居達125萬人以上，且在政治、經濟、文化及都會區域發展上，有特殊需要之地區得設之。市劃分為區。目前有臺北市、新北市、桃園市、臺中市、臺南市、高雄市等6個。俗稱「六都」。
另依同法規定，人口在200萬人以上之縣市者，準用法令中所有有關直轄市的規定，俗稱「準直轄市」。先前有新北市（原臺北縣）、桃園市（原桃園縣）在改制前曾適用此規定。
縣市
縣與市為地方自治團體，在省之下，省政府虛級化後則直接由行政院及其所屬的區域聯合服務中心管轄。
依照《地方制度法》，縣之下再分設有鄉、鎮、縣轄市。目前在臺灣省設有11縣、福建省設有2縣，總計全國共13縣。
現行《地方制度法》規定，人口聚居達50萬人以上未滿125萬人，且在政治、經濟及文化上地位重要之地區，得設市。市劃分為區。目前共設有3市，均位於臺灣省境內，且均改制於《地方制度法》制定前，而舊法規《臺灣省各縣市實施地方自治綱要》升格為省轄市的人口門檻很低（第六條第三款規定:「在政治經濟文化上地位重要，人口在二十萬人以上者」可以升格）。所以3市人口（終戰後，降格分割縮減行政區），目前都未達今《地方制度法》的法定標準的50萬人口門檻升格標準，而是適用舊法規者。2015年5月29日相關條文三讀通過，省轄市人口門檻正式下降到30萬人以上、未滿125萬人(惟嘉義市仍未達此標準)。
鄉鎮市區
目前中華民國自由地區共有24山地鄉、122鄉、38鎮、14縣轄市、6直轄市山地原住民區、164區。
鄉、鎮、縣轄市為縣下轄的行政單位，均為地方自治團體，設置公所為行政機關、民眾代表會為立法機關。依照地方制度法規定，鄉、鎮人口超過十萬（舊法為十五萬）經核准得成立縣轄市。
鄉以內之編組為村；鎮、縣轄市以內之編組為里。
區為直轄市與市（舊稱省轄市）下轄的行政單位，並非地方自治團體，故僅設公所為行政機關，不設立法機關。
惟原為山地鄉改制之地區，因應民意聲浪，立法院於2014年修法，改制成山地原住民區準用鄉鎮相關之規定，也成為地方自治團體，並設立法機關。
區之內編組為里。
村里、鄰
村為鄉的下轄編組單位，里則為鎮、縣轄市及區的下轄編組單位。村、里的劃分由各直轄市、縣、市自行規定。鄰為村、里的下轄編組區劃，也是最基本的地方行政區劃。鄰的劃分由各直轄市、縣、市自行規定，一般最少合10戶為1鄰。
未來規劃走向
基於歷史因素，目前福建省與臺灣省範圍有極大的差距，一個僅轄金馬地區，另一個佔全國極大比例。而且兩省都已省虛級化，目前由行政院與區域聯合中心負責。另外，在五都規劃後資源尚集中於北二都中，不利於中部地區發展；縣市劃分與人口分布無法契合，導致施政難以整體規劃。
在確立現今六都十六縣市的方案之前，不時有人提出各種的改制方案，常見的有縣市合併升格、「三都十五縣」（馬英九提出）、「四省兩特雙首都」（呂秀蓮提出）及「六星計畫」（謝長廷提出）。多數的議題都包含擴大臺北市、臺中市、高雄市行政區以及臺中市升格等訴求，惟行政區調整涉及各行政區重劃、預算分配、取消部份鄉鎮市選舉、地方性選舉選區調整等議題，影響層面過大，故多是雷聲大雨點小。但也反應出行政區劃規劃欠佳的事實，不論泛藍或泛綠陣營皆有探討此問題之聲浪。
2012年中華民國總統選舉候選人蔡英文支持新竹縣市合併、嘉義縣市合併，認為這是比較有立即性的需求，可以列為優先考慮項目。
中華民國內政部前部長李鴻源認為中華民國的縣和市劃分得太小，地方政府人力、能力普遍不足，導致縣市政府根本沒有能力解決該解決的問題。他指出目前地方制度設計的思維很怪，以為中華民國是個大國，所以才會分那麼多縣市，讓地方人力、資源分散，而中央和地方的人力、資源又重疊，他主張應該以五都為核心，合併周邊縣市，提升地方政府的規模和解決問題的能力，將臺灣劃分為五個大行政區，在北部、中部、南部、東部和中央山脈原住民保留區，各自成立一個大行政區。李鴻源初步規劃，將現有的五都直轄市，再和周邊縣市整併成六個直轄市，劃分成北基宜市、桃竹苗市、中彰投市、雲嘉南市、高屏澎湖市、花東市。另外，現行的368個鄉鎮市區，也可能整併成150個，人口較多的鄉鎮市區（20萬以上），升格成縣級市，臺灣大約有50至76縣級市，例如新北市板橋區再升格成板橋市（縣級）。
中華民國前總統李登輝認為，「六都十六縣市」現狀，應重新調整為「七大區域」，各區按本身資源與特色，永續發展規劃。他主張「臺北市、新北市、基隆市、宜蘭縣」合併為1區，「桃園市、新竹市、新竹縣、苗栗縣」合併為1區，「臺中市、彰化縣、南投縣」合併為1區，「雲林縣、嘉義市、嘉義縣、臺南市」合併為1區，「高雄市、屏東縣」合併為1區，「花蓮縣、臺東縣」合併為1區，「澎湖縣、金門縣、馬祖列島」等離島合併為1區，全中華民國分成七大區域。
立法委員陳明文建議中華民國全國應整併為7大直轄市，北北基宜整併為一個直轄市，桃竹苗整併為一個直轄市，中彰投整併為一個直轄市，雲嘉嘉整併為一個直轄市，南高屏整併為一個直轄市，澎金馬整併為一個直轄市，全國應一致性的行政區劃（注：現行制度採取二級政府制和三級政府制，制度紊亂，權責不清），才能拉近城鄉之間的落差，帶動中華民國全面的發展。
三都十五縣、六星計畫、四首兩特雙國都、五都五區
區域聯合治理
中華民國第14任總統蔡英文所提出的主張，目的在於讓地方長大，中央放權，調整中央地方權責及財源分配，以提高國家財政使用效率。
參見
註釋
參考文獻
引用
来源
法律
《中華民國憲法》第十一章：地方制度
《中華民國憲法增修條文》
書籍
劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，臺北市：臺灣省文獻委員會，1994年。
施亞軒：《臺灣的行政區變遷》，2003年，臺北市：遠足文化出版社。
江大樹 著：《國土規劃與政府體制再造》
網頁
聯邦的誕生 - 中華民國現行行政區劃
外部連結
內政部臺灣行政區域圖
立法院國會圖書館電子藏書：國民大會歷次會議實錄 ：《第一屆國民大會第六次會議實錄》，1979年5月；《第一屆國民大會第七次會議實錄》，1985年5月；《第一屆國民大會第八次會議實錄》，1991年4月；《第一屆國民大會第二次臨時會實錄》，1991年10月 ：《中華民國全圖》
地方制度法
鄉鎮市區公所網站
亞洲國家行政區劃
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东海岸集选区（：：）是一个位于新加坡东区和东北区的五人集选区。该集选区于1997年创立，涵盖了东海岸公园、勿洛、樟宜－四美、、淡滨尼、巴西立、菜市、樟宜机场以及几个离岸島嶼如德光島和烏敏島。白礁岛和新加坡东部的海域也位于东海岸集选区的范围内。
自选区成立以来，一直由执政的人民行动党胜出。人民行动党也同时管辖该集选区的市镇会。
历史
东海岸集选区于1997年创立，并有6名代表。东海岸集选区是由勿洛集选区和友诺士集选区合并而成。随后在2001年从该集选区转移至马林百列集选区里。2006年时，大部分加基武吉社区和60%菜市社区从东海岸集选区转移至马林百列集选区，而周亨曾、和也在当年退选，以及2011年时退选的贾古玛和。这使东海岸集选区从6名代表减少至5名。2015年选区重划时实龙岗岛被转移至，而凤山则独立成单选区，使东海岸集选区只剩下4名代表。2020年选区重划时凤山单选区被撤销，并转移至东海岸集选区，使东海岸集选区恢复为5名代表。
人民行动党在和大选皆不战而胜，2006年大选则有工人党前来竞选。在2011年和2015年，行动党和工人党获得的选票相差不大，然而皆由行动党继续胜出，而败选的工人党候选人也获得以非选区议员身份进入国会。2020年大选时，人民行动党则以53.41%得票率守住议席。
历任代表
投票区
Bedok : Bedok South (Blks 1-65), Lucky Heights and Bayshore
Changi-Simei : All blocks in Simei and Upper Changi Road.
Kampong-Chai Chee : Bedok (Blks 130-140, 2xx and 4xx), Bedok Town Centre/MRT/Bus Interchange, Bedok Mall, Heartbeat @ Bedok and Longvale HDB.
Siglap : Kew Crescent, Stratford Ria Court, Eastwood, UE BizHub East, Flora Road, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Changi Village and Changi Airport, Bedok South Blks 66-73 and 155-172, Singapore Expo, Changi Business Park
历届选举结果
参考资料
新加坡選區
勿洛
樟宜
樟宜湾
东北岛屿
巴西立
淡滨尼
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王英彦（），名不详，字英彦，琅邪临沂人，王彬的曾孙女，王彪之的孙女，王临之的女儿，王讷之、王环之的姐妹，殷仲堪的夫人。
参考资料
琅邪王氏
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腊皮蜥属（学名：）也称蝴蝶蜥，是爬行纲有鳞目飞蜥科的一属，也有资料将其归属于鬣蜥科，主要分布于东南亚地区。
特征
腊皮蜥属蜥蜴体型扁平，无鬣鳞和喉囊；背鳞小而均一，并行排列；具有1或2个明显的喉褶；耳孔明显；腹鳞近四边形，覆瓦状排列，形成横行；尾长而圆，基部扁平而肥厚，覆以大小基本一致的鳞片。雌雄均具有股孔。
参考文献
腊皮蜥属
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Cromford Incline is a former railway incline in Cromford, Derbyshire. Historically on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The incline was one of six inclines along the entire line from Cromford to Whaley Bridge in High Peak, Derbyshire. The incline was opened in 1830 and was in use until 1967 when the entire line from Whaley Bridge to Middleton was closed. With the section to Cromford closing in 1963. Today, the incline is used as part of the High Peak Trail. Cromford Incline was also 1 in 9 gradient. Like the other ones along the former railway.
References
Railway inclines in the United Kingdom
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妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的并发症？急性ITP患者并发颅内出血者有3%～4%、因颅内出血死亡者占1%。
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东津站位于中华人民共和国黑龙江省绥化市津河镇，建于1937年。现为四等站。客运办理旅客乘降，行李、包裹托运；货运办理整车、零担货物发到。
临近车站
参考文献
參考資料
D
1937年启用的铁路车站
中国铁路四等站
中国铁路哈尔滨局集团车站
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顺产后多久可以同房有侧切？生产对于准妈妈来说不管是身体还是心理伤害都是很大的，尤其是身体，不管是顺产也好还是剖腹产也罢，生产后都需要一个特定的时间来恢复伤口和元气。而在此，不少爸爸妈妈最关心的问题还是关于产后同房的那些事儿，其实相信过来人都是知道的，想要恢复往日的幸福最最起码的就是妈妈的身体要恢复好。顺产侧切后多久可以同房呢。顺产侧切一般九个星期之后可以同房，因为侧切的伤口，需要一定的时间才能恢复，过早同房，会给产妇造成，不能挽回的伤害。产后的新妈妈们都需要一个恢复时间，而产褥期就是最最重要的。在这段时间，新妈妈们会不断的将子宫内的残留恶露逐渐排干净，在排恶露的时期身体逐渐恢复、子宫也回到原来大小，而彻底完成这个恢复过程的时间，最起码都要一个月至两个月左右的时间。也就是说，产后同房的时间应该在42天之后，且要注意先去医院做检查，恢复好了之后才可以同房。而需要注意的是，对于产后身体有伤口的话则需延后恢复时间，就比如说剖腹产手术伤口、顺产侧切伤口、顺产撕裂伤口等，这些外伤的恢复极为重要。特别是顺产侧切的侧切伤口和撕裂伤口，一般在产后3-4天左右才会初步愈合、而剖腹产的伤口则在7天左右。这里的愈合意思是伤口开始长在一起，并不是完全愈合、行动自如、健步如飞的那种，就对于顺产侧切的伤口彻底愈合，最少都需要42天左右甚至更长的时间，故此这个时间内爸爸妈妈是不可以同房的，这不利于妈妈产后恢复和健康。而在产后的42天之后新妈妈要去医院做复查，看看身体恢复情况，一旦检查正常了，后续的事情就可自行安排了。
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子宫内膜息肉手术后会复发吗？子宫内膜息肉是妇科的常见病，是由子宫内膜局部过度增生所致，表现为突出于子宫腔内的单个或多个光滑肿物，蒂长短不一。可引起不规则阴道流血、不孕。从育龄期到绝经后的女性，都是子宫内膜息肉的高发人群。目前病因未明，认为与内分泌紊乱有关，以超声诊断为主，子宫腔内声学造影敏感性更高，宫腔镜是诊断子宫内膜息肉的金标准，宫腔镜下息肉摘除术是子宫内膜息肉首选的治疗方法，但息肉易复发。子宫内膜息肉偶有恶变，尤其是绝经后阴道流血者，息肉呈不典型增生时，应以癌前病变看待。1.保守治疗对于小的、无症状的息肉，可暂时不加干预，有部分息肉可自发消退，不推荐药物治疗息肉。2.宫腔镜电切术有明显临床症状者，B超发现宫腔内有赘生物，或者宫腔内赘生物无法完全排除恶性可能性的患者，均建议手术治疗；另外有生育要求的患者发现子宫内膜息肉可能的，也建议手术后再试孕。宫腔镜息肉切除术是最主要的治疗方式，相关风险较低，切除的组织全部送病理检查。（1）一般在月经干净后3～7天进行手术；术前3天禁止性生活；术前可适当憋尿，便于术中B超监护。（2）术后至少休息1周，术后1个月内禁止性生活和盆浴。（3）注意观察病情变化。宫腔镜电切术后2个月内可有少量阴道出血，若出血较多，及时就诊。第3个月可恢复正常月经。3.根治性手术对40岁以上的患者，若出血症状明显，上述治疗不能根除或经常复发者，可考虑全子宫切除术。本病容易复发，手术后应定期复查，每3个月复查一次，但对无症状者，不必反复手术治疗。若出血症状明显，治疗不能根除或经常复发者，可考虑全子宫切除术。
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阿马兰卡村委员会（）是俄罗斯联邦阿穆尔州罗姆内区所属的一个村委员会。其下辖有3个居民点，行政中心为阿马兰卡。据2016年统计，该村委员会的人口为378人。
参考文献
阿穆尔州农村居民点
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在数学中，一个希尔伯特-施密特算子()（得名于大卫·希尔伯特和埃哈德·施密特）, 是希尔伯特空间H上的有界算子A，有有限的希尔伯特-施密特范数
，
其中是H上的范数，是H上的一组标准正交基，Tr是非负自伴算子的迹。这里指标集不一定可数。这个定义不依赖于基底的选择，所以有
，
其中，为在p = 2时的。在欧几里得空间中，也被称为弗罗贝尼乌斯范数，得名于费迪南德·格奥尔格·弗罗贝尼乌斯。
两个希尔伯特-施密特算子的乘积有有限的迹类范数；因此，如果A和B是两个希尔伯特-施密特算子，希尔伯特-施密特内积可以如下定义
。
希尔伯特-施密特算子构成一个H上的有界算子的的双边*理想。它们构成一个希尔伯特空间，可以证明自然等距同构到
，
其中H∗是H的对偶空间。
希尔伯特-施密特算子的集合在范数拓扑下是闭集，当且仅当H是有限维空间。
一类重要的例子是。
希尔伯特-施密特算子是二阶，因此是紧的。
另请参阅
参考文献
算子理论
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注射用哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠贮藏方法？遮光、密封、在干燥阴凉处保存。
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Lieutenant-Colonel Windle Hill St. Hill, (11 July 1839 – 31 May 1918) was an English army officer and politician in colonial Tasmania, member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly.
St Hill was born in Saint-Omer, France. St Hill entered the army in February 1858, became captain in June 1867, brevet lieut.-colonel in June 1876, and retired from the army (19th Foot) in August 1881. Colonel St. Hill served with distinction in the New Zealand Wars from 1860 to 1865, and for his gallant services was mentioned in despatches, received the war medal, and was promoted to brevet-major. He was private secretary to Sir Frederick Weld when Governor of Tasmania for two years, and was commandant of the local forces of that colony from June 1878 to May 1880. He was a member for North Hobart in the House of Assembly from July 1886 to December 1893. St Hill died in Hobart, Tasmania.
References
External links
Photograph of St Hill at Trove
1839 births
1918 deaths
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Green Howards officers
65th Regiment of Foot officers
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乙型病毒性肝炎的治疗办法有哪些？乙型病毒性肝炎是指由乙肝病毒HBV引起的以肝脏炎性病变为主，并可引起多器官损害的一种疾病。乙型病毒性肝炎广泛流行于世界各国，主要侵犯儿童及青壮年，少数患者可以转化成肝硬化或者肝癌。因此，它也严重威胁人类健康，已经成为世界性的疾病，也是我国当前流行最为广泛、危害最广的一种疾病。乙型病毒性肝炎没有一定的流行期，一年四季均可发病，但属于散发。近年乙肝发病率呈增高趋势。一般来说，乙肝的传染途径主要有三个方面，血液传播、母婴传播和性传播。乙型病毒性肝炎的治疗方法包括：1、核苷类似物：核苷类似物治疗口服方便，每天口服一粒药即可，抑制病毒效果较好，但有难停药的弊端，需要长期服药，服药过程中要定期监测乙肝病毒载量的变化及肝功能的变化；2、干扰素：分为长效干扰素与短效干扰素。短效干扰素隔天打1针，长效干扰素为1周打1针。干扰素治疗疗程比较短，约1年左右的时间，打干扰素期间患者避免怀孕。乙肝注意事项：1、乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者应忌烟酒。2、乙肝表面抗原携带的饮食原则，应是“三高一低”，即较高的碳水化合物、维生素、蛋白质和较低的脂肪。3、对乙肝表面抗原携带的孕妇，分娩前后或人工流产时，要注意卫生防护，防止血液污染环境。4、合理营养，劳逸结合。乙肝病毒携带者必须禁烟，避免剧烈运动、熬夜等伤害肝脏的行为。年轻人经常熬夜，睡眠不足，这样会引起肝脏血流相对不足，影响肝脏细胞的营养滋润，导致抵抗力下降。5、注意个人卫生、家庭卫生。勤洗手、勤洗澡、勤换衣，家庭成员中有慢性乙肝病毒携带者，毛巾、脸盆、茶杯等生活用具最好分开单独使用。6、定期复查及随访。乙肝病毒携带者必须在正规医疗单位定期复查，动态观察肝功能及乙肝病毒指标。一般情况下每半年到一年复查一次，是否需要治疗则应根据具体情况决定。7、有条件时，进行肝穿检查，以了解肝脏实际情况，决定是否治疗。
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潘鑾彬（），綽號雙槍王，香港罪犯，其首個犯事紀錄出現時才十二歲，日後又帶隊打劫及綁架。
於1993年1月2號，有幾個收債人在油麻地的某餐廳裏面盯着方雯麗，引起爭執，有槍旁身的潘鑾彬及三個拍檔拿着槍柄攻擊對方，隨後威逼在場的九個顧客，包括劉家良、翁靜晶及阮兆輝，交出財物。他拿着批約值七萬港幣的首飾、錶和現金，隨後嘗試搭計程車跑路，但是皇家警察來到現場，雙方隨即駁火，期間有兩個警察被子彈擊傷，排在最後的賊就騎劫警車，全身而退，不久之後，方雯麗傍潘鑾彬相繼落網，方雯麗的罪名是管有軍火及來自上述案件之賊贓，潘鑾彬沒有被追究上述案件的現場行動之責任，還有就是由其他案件被控告（其中一人說他於1992年1月8號與最少兩個人合作，在淺水灣用槍脅持目標，搶走歐威廉及其保安的六千七百八十蚊港幣，其二說法是其藏有於1992年2月14號被搶的賊贓，（位於鰂魚涌的某金舖之失物）。於是他們兩個被人罪成入獄，不久後，方雯麗上訴成功，擺脫全部罪名；潘鑾彬在監獄之中得到14K大佬曾榕（綽號：柳記松）賞識，成為他的手下，於出獄之後在油尖旺一帶從黑。
於2002年1月5號，警察去尖沙咀某間酒吧檢查牌照時，在場外遇到潘鑾彬與其兩個同黨，嘗試檢查等身份證時被拒絶，最初只是彼此口角，繼而動武，潘鑾彬其後被控告妨礙司法公正反襲警兩項罪名。於2002年9月4號，潘鑾彬與三個人，在尖沙咀冒充警察及傍槍，將偏門商人林益明（綽號：左軚車大王）綁架並勒索贖金，於禁錮途中毆打兼用刀恐嚇其，收到和利群商人連卓釗（綽號：連超、公海賭王）交出其五百萬港幣才放人，為此，潘鑾彬很快就又一次被拘捕及再次入獄，此時已有六重案底。潘鑾彬後來已經出獄，與家人一起住在某間位於油麻地的豪宅。
家庭
潘鑾彬老婆叫方雯麗，她生了兩個女兒（大女兒叫潘欣賢，小女兒叫潘巧賢），一家四口向來感情融洽，於1994年4月27號，潘鑾彬在法庭裡面哭泣只為方雯麗（以及需要其照顧的潘欣賢及潘巧賢）求情。
相關影視作品
隱門
参考文献
香港罪犯
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周敏圭（ ，1990年4月13日－），韩国足球运动员，司职前锋，现效力于K聯賽1俱乐部蔚山現代。2014年他被选中，2015年加盟新球队首尔衣恋足球俱乐部并成为球队进攻主力。
来源
外部链接
J
J
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Bir Man Chaudhari() is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and current Member of Sudurpaschim Provincial Assembly. In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Kailali-3 constituency, winning 19739 votes.
Electorate History
He was elected to the Member of Provincial Assembly of Sudurpashchim Province from Kailali 3(A).He contested and won Member of Constituent Assembly of Nepal from Kailali 3.
2017 Nepalese provincial elections
Kailali 3(A)
2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Kailali 3
See also
Provincial Assembly of Sudurpashchim Province
Kailali 3 (constituency)
References
Living people
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) politicians
Nepalese atheists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
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鄧炳光（，），是香港差餉物業估價署署長，於2014年5月起上任，接替曾梅芬。鄧於2019年1月14日開展退休前休假，而其原位則將會由原副署長蔡立耀接任。
生平
由於原差餉物業估價署署長曾梅芬開始退休前休假，鄧於2014年5月接替其位成為署長。2019年1月14日，時任署長的鄧開始退休前休假，其位由時任副署長的蔡立耀繼任。
參考資料
香港政府官員
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Pseudagrion sudanicum, the blue-sided sprite is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and freshwater marshes.
References
Coenagrionidae
Insects described in 1915
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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Ha-103 may refer to:
, an Imperial Japanese Navy submarine in commission from February to September 1945
Nakajima Ha103, an alternative name for the Nakajima Mamoru aircraft engine
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Shelia Conover (born May 11, 1963) is an American sprint canoer who was born in California, who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, she earned her best finish of fourth in the K-4 500 m event at Los Angeles in 1984.
References
Sports-Reference.com profile
1963 births
American female canoeists
Canoeists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic canoeists for the United States
21st-century American women
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尤爾基夫卡（）是位於烏克蘭東南部的村莊，由扎波羅熱州扎波羅熱区的負責管轄。該村處於孔卡河左岸，分別距離新帕夫利夫卡0.5公里和季米特羅韋4.5公里，始建於1905年，面積8.78平方公里，海拔高度44米，2001年人口1,775。
參考資料
Юрківка - Інформаційно-пізнавальний портал | Запорізька область у складі УРСР (На основі матеріалів енциклопедичного видання про історію міст та сіл України, том - Історія міст і сіл Української РСР. Запорізька область. — К.: Головна редакція УРЕ АН УРСР, 1970. — 765 с.)
Погода в селі Юрківка
В Запорожской области найдены руины древнего города
扎波羅熱州村落
扎波羅熱區村落
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阴茎外皮肤肉粒疼痛是怎么回事？阴茎外皮肤有颗粒，可能是局部皮脂腺增生所致。因为有些人的皮脂腺，特别是下表皮的皮脂腺，比较发达，呈白色颗粒状。有些人可能认为这种情况是性病或其他什么，但事实并非如此。当然，它也可能是一种真正的性病，即尖锐湿疣，尖锐湿疣的长颗粒，可能是疣状增生，表面较软，呈簇状或散状分布。如果是尖锐湿疣，除了在这部分皮肤有一些损伤外，它还可以发生在生殖器的其他部分。阴茎癌是一种常见的生殖器肿瘤。在20世纪50年代和60年代，它在中国男性生殖泌尿系肿瘤发病率中排名第一。近年来，随着人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生条件的改善，其发病率逐年下降。大多数阴茎肿瘤起源于阴茎上皮细胞。包茎和包皮过长是阴茎癌的公认病因。阴茎癌是一种可以预防的恶性肿瘤。结果发现，婴幼儿包皮环切术能有效预防该病的发生。包皮过长，易翻身者，应定期清洗，防止癌变。治疗方法：目前，阴茎癌的治疗方法很多，如手术、化疗、放疗、激光、冷冻手术、光敏化等，但手术切除仍是最重要的方法，部分切除是最常用的方法。由于其手术简单、疗效确切、部分功能正常、排尿不畅等优点，患者易于接受。病理学观察证实，部分阴茎癌以花椰菜的形式向外生长，但并未深入向内浸润。因此，我们认为部分阴茎切除术治疗一期和二期阴茎癌是一种非常合理和有效的治疗方法，只要切除端离癌缘2.0cm，并能将正常的阴茎保留在2.0-3.0cm，就可以在不进行全阴茎切除的情况下使用。n.一旦证实转移，应进行放射治疗或二期解剖。
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丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征的症状是什么？本症好发于青年人，发疹前可有发热、轻重不等的全身症状，经2～4天后出疹，表现为双手、足皮肤潮红，轻度水肿及扁平丘疹，皮损可扩展至腕及踝部，呈手套及短袜状分布，少数病人肘、膝、臀和大腿内侧也可见有皮疹，轻度瘙痒或有疼痛。此外，口腔黏膜可有红斑、紫癜、颊黏膜糜烂、咽炎、唇炎及口角炎等。淋巴结肿大。病程1～2周，然后皮损脱屑而愈。根据有发热、双手足腕踝部以下有手套及短袜状分布的红肿、紫癜、丘疹性皮疹，伴有口腔黏膜红斑、糜烂及瘀点，PVB19抗体阳性，即可诊断。
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卡曼妮·耶美肯（，，），昵称Pancake（大饼），是泰国一线女演员兼歌手。前泰国第7电视台（2005年–2015年）、（2016年–2020年）旗下女艺人。本为泰国LINE TV旗下女艺人，后因该串流平台停止在泰国的服务而成为自由艺人。代表作品有《天鹅套索2009》、《落日余晖2010》、《情牵两世2011》、《辣椒和盐2012》等。2018年7月20日，卡曼妮·耶美肯被任命为泰國皇家海軍的特别发言人。
影视作品
电视剧
电影
音乐作品
参考文献
外部链接
曼谷人
華裔泰國人
泰国佛教徒
泰国女演员
泰国女歌手
泰國農業大學校友
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小行星9422（）是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1996年1月13日，小林隆男在大泉天文台发现了此天体。
这颗小行星的绝对星等为43.7874996686782等。
参考文献
小行星带天体
1996年发现的小行星
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注射用盐酸多柔吡星成分或处方？盐酸多柔比星
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斑点湖（）为加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚奥索尤斯西北部的一个盐碱湖。由于夏季湖水蒸发，露出了湖底的矿物质，形成状如斑点的诸多小水坑，故名。湖中富含多种矿物质，湖水和湖泥有疗养的功效。第一次世界大战期间还曾经开采湖中的矿物制造弹药。
参考资料
搜狐旅游
咸水湖
内流湖
加拿大湖泊
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柏垭镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
柏垭镇下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料
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尿急尿频是什么引起？尿频是一种症状，并非疾病。由于多种原因可引起小便次数增多，但无疼痛，又称小便频数。尿频的原因较多，包括神经精神因素，病后体虚，寄生虫病等。对尿频患儿需除外尿路感染、外阴或阴茎局部炎症等。那么,尿急尿频是什么引起的呢？尿急尿频的病因：尿量增加：在病理情况下，如部分糖尿病，尿崩症患者饮水多，尿量多，排尿次数也多。但均无排尿不适感觉。当尿量增加时，排尿次数亦会相应增多。在生理情况下，如大量饮水，吃西瓜，喝啤酒，由于进水量增加，通过肾脏的调节和滤过作用，尿量增多，排尿次数亦增多，便出现尿频。膀胱容量减少：如膀胱占位性病变，妊娠期增大的子宫压迫，结核性膀胱挛缩或较大的膀胱结精神神经性尿频：尿频仅见于白昼，或夜间入睡前，常属精神紧张或见于癔病患者。此时亦可伴有尿急，尿痛。炎症刺激：膀胱内有炎症时，神经感受阈值降低，尿意中枢处于兴奋状态，产生尿频，并且尿量减少。因此，尿频是膀胱炎的一个重要症状，尤其是急性膀胱炎，结核性膀胱炎更为明显。其它，如前列腺炎，尿道炎，肾盂肾炎，小儿慢性阴茎头包皮炎，外阴炎等都可出现尿频。在炎症刺激下，往往尿频，尿急，尿痛同时出现，被称为尿路刺激征，俗称“三尿征”。非炎症刺激：如尿路结石，异物，通常以尿频为主要表现。综上所述，平时导致尿频尿急的原因是有很多的，膀胱容量减少也是会导致尿频尿急的的现象发生的，另外平时也可以通过饮食的改善来有效的缓解尿频尿急的症状的，可以多吃些绿色的蔬菜。生活要规律，同时也要保持良好的心情，不要有过大的心理压力，要经常进行户外运动，在阳光下多做运动多出汗。
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Wong Nai Chau ( is the name of three islands in Hong Kong:
Wong Nai Chau, within Yan Chau Tong Marine Park, in North District
Wong Nai Chau, off Yeung Chau, in North District
Wong Nai Chau in Sai Kung District
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乳腺癌的肺转移到底有什么症状？目前乳腺癌的发病原因还不是很清楚，但具有一定的倾向性，一般来说有乳腺癌家族史、女性未婚的、未育的，晚育的，未哺乳的；患乳腺良性疾病未及时诊治的；患有乳腺非典型增生；胸部接受过高剂量放射线的照射的；长期服用外源性雌激素；绝经后肥胖；长期过量饮酒；以及携带与乳腺癌相关的突变基因等的女性，相对患乳腺癌的危险较大。以下事乳腺癌的肺转移到底的症状：1、乳腺癌如果发生了可以转移，那么，一般的症状有，发热、咳嗽，有时候咳嗽会有痰，而且会有咳血的症状，更严重的患者会出现呼吸困难、胸痛的症状，仔细的听肺部呼吸的话，有声音减弱的现象。如果出现以上这些情况的话，建议患者再去做肺部的检查，及时的做出相应的处理。2、如果已经发生肺转移，那么必须要针对这个情况进行治疗，绝对不可以停止放化疗，一定要把这种情况控制住，不要让癌细胞进一步扩散，不然的话，身体还要感到更加的痛苦，会出现更多的症状，治疗的难度也会更加大，所以一定要引起重视。3、乳腺癌转移到肺部，是比较常见的一种远处转移，如果不及时的进行治疗，接下来就会发生骨转移、肝脏转移、脑转移等等，甚至会威胁到生命安全，总之情况会变得一发不可收拾，所以这个时候一定要引起重视，积极的进行治疗。保持良好舒适的心情，良好舒适的心情有利于帮助消磨病毒，更可以提高患者的抵抗力，而且在这个阶段应该注意适当的锻炼身体，平时做好饮食调理工作，这样都可以防止病毒再次复发，也可以帮助患者提高体质。
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异被地杨梅（学名：）为灯心草科地杨梅属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
inaequalis
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疏缓机场（或），或称减压机场，是在枢纽机场达到容量限制的时候，提供缓解压力作用的机场。 在某些情况下，疏缓机场是指定用于处理特定类型的飞机（例如通用航空 ）的现有机场。 它们通过将通用航空从商业机场转移到其他的设施来增加容量。减少了具有较低容量和较慢速度的飞机，枢纽机场能够运行具有较大飞机的更多航班并且处理更多乘客，从而在比较旧且通常较大的设施中以最小的额外成本提高效率。这也将飞机扩展到更广泛的区域，通常可以改善整个社区的空中交通 。
为满足疏缓机场的条件，一个机场必须有100架及以上的飞机或年度25,000次航班。
参见
有一个以上机场的城市名单
参考文献
The Impact of a General Aviation Airport on Surrounding Land Use Patterns: Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport Brockway, David Arthur. ProQuest. 2007.
机场类型
有未审阅翻译的页面
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The MWM AKD 112 Z is an air-cooled two-cylinder inline diesel engine produced by MWM from 1955 – 1960. One, three and four cylinder variants of the same engine family were also produced by MWM.
Description
The AKD 112 Z is an air-cooled, two-cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with overhead valves. The letter Z means Zweizylinder, German for two cylinders.
The crankcase is a single cast piece, the drop-forged crankshaft with screwed on counter weights is supported in bearings made of steel-lead-bronze. The crank and shaft pins of the crankshaft are heat-hardened. Due to the air-cooling of the engine, the cylinders have cooling fins made of centrifugal cast metal. The combustion chamber of the engine is a part of the piston bowls, as the engine is direct-injected. The pistons are made of a special highly heat resistant light metal alloy, they have three piston rings and one oil control ring. The bigger conrod eyes are made of steel-lead-bronze, the upper smaller conrod eyes are made of special-bronze. The camshaft is supported by rolling bearings. The overhead valves are actuated by rockers and pushrods. The cylinder head is a single piece made of a chill cast, highly heat resistant light metal alloy. The engine's air filter is a wire-gauze type air filter. For dusty environments MWM offered an oilbath air filter. The air intake must not draw in hot air; this would reduce the engine's power output. The engine has a Bosch injection pump. It is controlled by a centrifugal control mechanism using a pushrod. The control trap makes it possible to change the injection time at the engine start-up to pump more fuel into the cylinder. A forced feed (wet sump) lubrication system lubricates the engine, powered by a gear oil pump. The oil is filtered by a strainer in the low pressure circuit, and a fine sieve strainer in the high pressure circuit. A gap filter in the high pressure circuit was also available. Being air-cooled, the AKD 112 Z has an axial cooling fan powered by the crankshaft using a belt. The power can be taken off the flywheel or the PTO-shaft. An electric motor can be used to start the engine, but a crank starting is standard. The AKD 112 Z has a decompression starting aid system. Being direct-injected, it does not have glowplugs.
References
Bibliography
Betriebsanleitung für den luftgekühlten Klein-Dieselmotor AKD 112 Ein und Zweizylinder. MWM Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Vorm. Benz Abt. Stat. Motorenbau. June 1955 (German); Service manual for the air-cooled small diesel engine AKD 112 one and two-cylinders. MWM Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Formerly Benz Department for stationary engine development
Diesel_engines_by_model
Straight-twin engines
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胎停育多久会出血呢？胚胎停育会流血是因人而异的，并不是每个胎停育的孕妇都会出现流血情况的。检测是否已胎停育可通过B超检查得知，结婚后的适龄女性有停经史，无论有无见红，在孕早期均应进行B超检查，以判断胎儿发育情况。如果查妇科阴道彩超，发现没有胎芽，确定胚胎停止发育后，一般两周之内会有阴道出血。由于胚胎在排出前已经死亡，所以阴道出血多伴有底蜕膜出血，周边组织坏死，胚胎绒毛分离，已经分离的胚胎组织就如同异物，可引起子宫收缩，所以妊娠物一般都能够完全排除。但是为了防止流产不全，建议胎停出血后两周复查妇科经阴道彩超。胚胎停育，有的刚刚胚胎有发育异常就会有阴道出血，可是有的人胚胎停育好久都不知道，因为没有症状，所以才会有稽留流产，所以，多久阴道出血，没法回答，个体差异很大。现在既然诊断出胚胎停育，就要早点处理，时间长了，容易导致血液凝血功能异常。早点去医院就诊。胚胎停育的治疗方法一般有以下这些：<001>保胎胚胎停育大多与孕妇自身情况有关，如中医的肝肾虚弱，脾虚血亏，肝郁气滞，湿热炎症等等。建议找中医进行用中药进行调理，这也是很多准妈妈采用的中药保胎法。但也不是所有的胚胎停育都可以用保胎的方法。妇产科医生建议，不看到健康的胎芽不保胎，认为这是自然淘汰，是好事。是否进行保胎，要看准妈妈的个人情况，如果是第一次怀孕，最好的保胎办法是卧床休息。<002>卧床休息的重要性。卧床休息在保胎中绝对重要并且必要，最好是除了吃饭上厕所，都要保持平卧，同时不可够东西，无论是高的、低的还是远的，不可以拿重东西。<003>必要时到医院就诊。<004>一旦死胎的话，应该考虑流产治疗来终止妊娠。
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乳头瘤的症状是什么？乳头状瘤为上皮来源的肿瘤，其病理特征为上皮组织高度增生，鳞状上皮向外过度生长形成乳头，乳头呈圆形或椭圆形上皮团块，中心有疏松而富有脉管的结缔组织。乳头状瘤常发生在鼻腔、外耳道、咽部、食管、乳腺等组织器官，多为良性肿瘤。乳头状瘤主要有下面几种类型：1.鼻内翻性乳头状瘤，大多数为单侧病变，双侧罕见。内翻性乳头状瘤的瘤体常见于鼻腔，累及鼻腔外侧壁多见，其次是上颌窦和筛窦，累及蝶窦、额窦和鼻中隔的较少。绝大多数内翻性乳头状瘤仅有一个原发部位。晚期累及多个部位，常难以分辨原发部位。2.外耳道乳头状瘤，多发生于外耳道外段皮肤，是外耳道最常见的良性肿瘤之一，是其鳞状细胞或基底细胞长期受刺激增殖的结果。肿瘤早期多无症状，充满外耳道时阻塞感、痒感或听力减退。常有挖耳出血或挖出“肉块”样物者。伴继发感染时可有耳痛、流脓3.咽部乳头状瘤，多发生于腭弓、扁桃体、软腭缘、悬雍垂，其次见于软腭背面、下咽后壁、杓会厌襞等处。多数肿瘤表面呈砂粒状、带蒂小蘑菇状，也有无蒂可移动的扁平状、桑葚状，呈淡红色或灰色，质较软，瘤体多为几个毫米大小，也有达数厘米的。4.食管乳头状瘤，为鳞状上皮的息肉样良性肿瘤。发病率为0.01%～0.05%，男女均可发病。发病者多为中老年人。本病起病隐袭，临床表现无特异性，以上腹部症状居多，如胸骨后痛、吞咽困难、胃灼热感等，尚有便血、缺铁性贫血。呕吐为主要症状者少，患者往往因胃部疾病做胃镜检查时偶然发现。5.乳腺导管内乳头状瘤，发生在导管上皮，其发病率仅次于乳腺纤维腺瘤和乳腺癌。乳腺导管内乳头状瘤多见于产后妇女，以40～50岁者居多，是临床上常见的乳腺良性肿瘤。患者的乳头出现血性、浆液血性或浆液性溢液，溢液可为持续性或间断性。有些患者在挤压乳腺时流出溢液，也有些患者是无意中发现自己内衣或乳罩上有溢液污迹。个别患者可出现疼痛或有炎症表现。
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褥疮严重怎么办？痤疮是一种高危疾病，所以长期卧床不起的老人，病人等的家庭成员必须特别注意积极预防和护理，并找到痔疮早期接受治疗。目前，各大医院的痔疮治疗主要是消炎，主要控制不继续传播，不能让快速愈合，你可以找一些特定的痔疮药物进行治疗，在这里我可以推荐一位专家在这个领域里。它只需要按照她说的方法使用，加上通常的保健，它可以治愈。上次在医学研究交流会上，根据数据报告，已经有数万名患者通过这项简单的方法已经完全治愈。痤疮(也称为压疮，压疮)是由局部组织的长期压迫，持续缺血，缺氧，营养不良和组织溃疡和坏死引起的。痤疮的过程可分为三个阶段：形成过程分为三个阶段：红斑期，水泡期和溃疡期。每个时期的症状都不同，而且会越来越严重。因此，发现痘痘早期治疗，目前医院已经没有很好的特殊治疗，楼上说这可以试试，之前听朋友说痔疮有些特效，效果很好，很快就能愈合。痔疮不仅出现在肱骨内，而且一些痔疮也出现在足跟内外。通常，我们必须做好护理，去医院消毒，减少炎症，防止传播，但如果你接受治疗。毕竟，医院里没有特定的药物。要确保全身的营养供应充足，不仅是葡萄糖而且还有其他营养素，除能量外。此外，人体还需要一些必需品来补充营养素。此外，应每隔2到3小时翻转并翻转，以避免长期压缩。您经常可以使用50%的红花醇来按摩和压缩。零件应经常更换并保持干燥和清洁，纸张上没有食物残渣或毛发。一旦出现压疮，可能表明预防工作尚未完全完成。如果有局部红色和水疱，可能会出现压疮的情况。
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宫外孕保守治疗的反弹值是多少？宫外孕(异位妊娠)，即受精卵种植在子宫腔以外妊娠。95%都是输卵管妊娠，也有卵巢妊娠、腹腔、韧带宫颈妊娠。目前瘢痕子宫的增多，出现了瘢痕妊娠，均属于异位妊娠。导致异位妊娠主要病因的是输卵管的因素：输卵管炎症，粘膜粘连，管腔变窄;输卵管妊娠保守治疗后;绝育术后再通;输卵管发育不全、功能异常;孕卵游走;子宫瘢痕等等。这些因素都可以导致宫外妊娠。外孕保守治疗，主要是应用甲氨蝶呤。在用药后的第4-7天，血绒毛膜促性腺激素如果能下降在15%以下，则保守成功率是不高的，可以再重复用一次这种药物。如果是在15%以上，或者是更高，保守治疗的成功率还是比较高的。如果在治疗的过程当中，出现HCG下降不明显，或者是有出现升高的现象，这种宫外孕的保守治疗成功率就不高，可以重复用一次。在用后的第3天，再重新复查一次绒毛膜促性腺激素的数值，如果没有下降，并且出现反弹，或者是下降不超过15%，可能保守治疗就会失败。宫外孕保守治疗的副作用来自两个方面，第一是宫外孕保守治疗所用药物的副作用，第二是宫外孕保守治疗它的后果是不好预料的，常常会出现其他一些偏差，或者根本就无效。宫外孕发病急骤，药物治疗容易耽误病情，容易出现意外。因此宫外孕应该以手术治疗为主，越早越好，切莫耽误。宫外孕都是在没有破裂的状况下，才可以用药物保守治疗的。平时要观察病人有无适应症，病人没有出血，怀孕的时间比较短，怀孕的孕囊比较小，在短期之内不会出现明显的不良后果的状况下，可以观察保守治疗。宫外保守治疗后在月经干净之后的3到7天左右去医院做个妇科彩超检查，看看附件包块是否完全消失，同时还应该抽血检查hcg值，确定宫外孕是否成功。同时要注意好个人的卫生，勤换内裤，同时不要发生性行为，以免引起宫内的感染。在饮食方面，应该多吃些易消化的，富含优质蛋白的食物，有助于术后的恢复。同时适当的运动，但是不能过度劳累，这样有助于提高抵抗力。
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服用咳喘舒片须注意的事项？本品含罂粟壳，不宜久服。
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劉子銓（），臺灣男演員。藝人劉亮佐與陈瑾之子。14歲主演出道作品《你的孩子不是你的孩子》，在《媽媽的遙控器》中擔綱演出男主角紀培偉
。2018年主演由柯貞年執導的電影《無聲》（2020年上映）與王小棣執導的電視劇《你那邊怎樣·我這邊OK》。隨後參與了吳念真導演與綠光劇團《人間條件2—她和她生命中的男人們》於2019年的舞台劇巡演，扮演ABC孫子Tony一角，2021年以電影《無聲》獲得第51屆印度國際影展最佳男演員銀孔雀獎。
影視作品
電影
電視電影
電視劇
網路影集
舞台劇
MV
獎項紀錄
參考資料
外部連結
台灣男演員
臺灣電影男演員
臺灣電視男演員
台北電影獎最佳新演員得主
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This is a list of the heads of state of India, from 1876 to the present day. The current head of state of India is Droupadi Murmu, elected in 2022 after being nominated by the National Democratic Alliance and its leading party the Bharatiya Janata Party, the largest party in the parliament and the party led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
From 1947 to 1950, the head of state under the Indian Independence Act 1947 was King of India, who was also the monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions of the British Commonwealth. The monarch was represented in India by a governor-general. India became a republic under the Constitution of 1950 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a ceremonial president.
Emperor of India (1876–1947)
In 1876, Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, was granted the title of Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, 1876. On January 1st, 1877, Victoria was crowned Empress of India in the Delhi Durbar in a ceremony attended by various Indian Governors, Princes, Generals and other high officials and the Indian Governor-General, Lord Lytton. Successive British monarchs, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII and George VI also held the title, and George VI, who was the last Emperor of India, succeeded as the King of India in 15 August 1947.
Governor-General
Monarch of India (1947–1950)
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.
Governor-General
The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in India and exercised most of the powers of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of India without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.
President of India (1950–present)
Under the Constitution, of the Republic of India, the president replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The president is elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy, the vice president serves as acting president.
Status
Standards
Living former heads of state
Notes
References
External links
World Statesmen – India
Rulers.org – India
India
Lists of political office-holders in India
India government-related lists
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产后有点肛裂怎么办？通常来说，如果在产后出现肛裂的情况，大多数是因为在分娩的过程当中用力过猛导致累及肛门出现这种情况，如果患者肛裂的话，就可能出现便血，大便疼痛等症状，出现以上症状之后一定要及时治疗，平时注意多进行调理，多吃一些新鲜的水果蔬菜，保持大便通畅，避免便秘，肛管皮肤受损破裂，反复发作感染后形成的慢性溃疡。一般位于肛管的后方正中部位，肛管皮肤的破裂往往因干硬粪便的损伤，损伤处得不到愈合的机会，反复感染，才形成肛裂，产妇活动量较少，肠蠕动减缓，粪便在肠内停留时间过长，粪便水分被吸收而变得干硬;产后饮食过细，易造成便秘;再加上怀孕其期间盆腔受到子宫压迫，盆腔静脉回流受阻，造成肛门周围组织水肿，抵抗力下降，最后使肛门易受损、感染，形成肛裂，发生肛管以后，应注意清洗肛周，尤其是在大便后，如无效，应去医院做肛门扩张术或肛裂切除术，针对病因来预防产后肛裂1、产后尽早起床活动。自然分娩者产后1~2天可起床活动，初起床时可先进行轻微的活动，如抬腿、仰卧起坐、缩肛等，这对增强腹直肌能力、锻炼骨盆肌肉、帮助排便、恢复健康很有益处。2、产妇要吃易消化的食物，应适当多吃些新鲜蔬菜、水果，多饮水，可多喝些汤类，如鱼汤、骨骼汤等;少吃或不吃有刺激性的食物，如辛辣的，以防便秘。3、养成每天定时大便的习惯。4、一旦发生便秘，应及时治疗，切忌强行排便。产后肛裂主要症状是便后疼痛，严重者便后疼痛持续可达数小时之久，患者惧怕大便，结果粪便停留肠腔内时间更久、更干燥，下次排便痛，形成恶性循环。
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Carabus punctatus is a species of ground beetle from the family Carabidae. They are black coloured and are very similar to Carabus piochardi.
References
punctatus
Beetles described in 1835
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老人没有高血压会中风吗？现在很多老年人都有高血压的困扰，我们国家西南部的高血压患者尤为多，主要是由于平常的高盐饮食以及高脂肪饮食。我们常常会谈及到高血压和中风，这两种疾病都会给我们的身体带来非常大的危害，在生活当中，我们一定要严格把控好自己的血压，预防中风的出现。据研究表明，高血压极容易导致中风。中风患者当中的30%都是由于高血压所引起的。因此高血压患者应该预防中风的出现，高血压患者应该怎么预防中风的出现。不是说所有的中风都是由于高血压而引起的，但是如果高血压患者长时间没有控制自己的血压就可能会导致中风。可以说高血压是引发中风的原因之一。反之，没有高血压及高血脂风险几率会很小。尤其是中老年高血压患者，平时我们应该时常监测自己的血压情况，平时按时服用降压药，使自己的血压控制在正常的范围之内。高血压患者由于血压比较高，使得我们的血管壁变得比较脆弱，长期高血压会使小脑血管壁变得脆弱，血压再次出现剧烈波动时微小血管动脉瘤就会破裂，导致脑出血，使得脑组织产生缺血，最终发生中风的症状。平时高血压患者尽量使自己的心情保持平静，避免情绪激动。高血压患者如果出现了中风的话，可能会引起其他的并发症，比如说脑心综合征。所以平时我们要注意自己的身体保养，多吃富含营养的食物，但是不要吃太多油腻的食物，油腻的食物会加重高血压病情。适当的进行身体锻炼，但是不要剧烈运动，剧烈运动的情况下血压会升高，也可能会导致高血压中风。总之，平时我们要时刻关注自己的身体，尤其是高血压患者，要警惕自己的血压升高。一旦自己出现了头晕目眩的症状，就要小心，可能是中风的出现。如果身体出现任何不适，立即到就近的医院进行就医，千万不能耽误病情。
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Mount Cameron is a triple-summit mountain located within Olympic National Park in Jefferson County of Washington state. Mount Cameron is situated 21 miles southwest of Sequim, and set within the Daniel J. Evans Wilderness. Topographic relief is significant as the southeast aspect rises over above the Dosewallips River in approximately one mile. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains south into the Dosewallips River, north to the Gray Wolf River via Cameron Creek, and west into headwaters of Lost River. Neighbors include line parent Mount Deception, to the east, and proximate parent Mount Johnson, to the east.
Etymology
This landform's name was officially adopted in 1969 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. This mountain, Cameron Pass, Cameron Glaciers, Cameron Creek, and Cameron Basin are named after Amos Benson Cameron (1872-1951), an early settler of this area who homesteaded for 41 years in the Deer Park area with his wife and 14 children. He pioneered the first trail into Cameron Basin.
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cameron is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Olympic Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift). As a result, the Olympics experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months. This climate supports the Cameron Glaciers on the north slope. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months June through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this mountain.
Geology
The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust. The mountains were sculpted during the Pleistocene era by erosion and glaciers advancing and retreating multiple times.
Gallery
See also
Olympic Mountains
Geology of the Pacific Northwest
References
External links
Weather forecast: Mount Cameron
Amos B. Cameron: biography
Olympic Mountains
Mountains of Washington (state)
Mountains of Jefferson County, Washington
Landforms of Olympic National Park
North American 2000 m summits
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熊皮帽是一种高大的毛皮帽，歷史上17至18世紀下半葉的歐洲擲彈兵會佩戴熊皮帽，19世纪以來只有衛兵或其他具有禮儀性質的士兵穿著礼仪性军服時才會佩戴熊皮帽。
参考文献
毛皮
軍服
帽子
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Carver College (later known as Mecklenburg College) was a junior college that served African American students in Charlotte, North Carolina. The college operated as the black counterpart to Charlotte College (now the University of North Carolina at Charlotte) from 1949 to 1963. After merging with the Central Industrial Education Center, the school became Central Piedmont Community College.
History
1940-1960
Carver College emerged from the demands for higher education among World War II veterans in the 1940s. As soldiers returned stateside, they sought to take advantage of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill). Across the United States, newly established college centers met growing educational demands. These centers allowed veterans to gain skills and transferable credit for four-year universities. In North Carolina, the Extension Division of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill assumed responsibility for the college centers. The Charlotte Center of the University of North Carolina (later Charlotte College) operated out of the all-white Central High School. Second Ward High School, the first public high school for African Americans in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg area, hosted an extension school for African American students. The Charlotte School Board gained administrative power over Charlotte College after the passage of Chapter 786 by the North Carolina General Assembly in April 1949. After the NC General Assembly authorized the Charlotte City School Board to administer the community college system in Charlotte, the school board turned its attention to creating a junior college to serve African Americans. The board named the new college Carver in honor of George Washington Carver. Carver College began in September 1949 with sixty- two students at Second Ward High School under the directorship of Vernon A. Buck Jr.
Before the creation of this junior college, Johnson C. Smith University (JCSU) served the educational needs of black students in Charlotte. The formation of Carver College expanded the opportunities for local African Americans and made college education more accessible. Several Carver College graduates transferred to JCSU to continue their education.
The Charlotte Board of Education created an all-black counterpart to Charlotte College for several reasons. In the mid-twentieth century, southern society operated under Jim Crow. Racial segregation and the notion of “separate, but equal” initiated the creation of separate schools and other public facilities for black and white children. This separation of blacks and whites continued in institutions of higher learning. The pivotal Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case, which ruled against the constitutionality of “separate, but equal” educational facilities, did not pass until 1954. Even after the ruling, North Carolina schools did not fully integrate until 1971. Bonnie Cone — director of Charlotte Center and president of Charlotte College — suggested another reason for the creation of Carver College. In an oral history interview from 1988, she indicated that the legislation passed by the General Assembly in April 1949 allowed for the board to offer affordable education to black veterans.
Carver College offered five curricula: Liberal Arts and Business Administration University Parallel, Business Administration and Secretarial Science, Accelerated High School, Cosmetology, and Adult Education. The Liberal Arts and Business Administration University Parallel was intended for students who planned to transfer to a senior college. Students that wanted to gain training in a specific field and enter employment enrolled in the Business Administration and Secretarial Science track. Carver also provided vocational training in auto mechanics, brick masonry, and shoe repairing. Typing, dressmaking, home planning, and interiors were some courses offered in the adult education program. The college no longer offered an accelerated high school program, nor cosmetology courses, by 1961. The passage of the Community College Act of 1957 placed Carver College under the control of the Charlotte Community College System.
The Trustees selected land off Highway-85 and on Beatties Ford Road to relocate the Carver’s new campus. The positioning of the campus on Beatties Ford Road placed the college near historic African American neighborhoods and business districts in Charlotte.
1960-1963
In June 1956, the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce endorsed a plan to build Carver and Charlotte Colleges their own facilities. The decision marked a major turning point for both colleges as they progressed beyond their original high school locations. The Trustees of the Charlotte Community College System selected J.N. Pease and Company as the architects for Carver College in 1958. With the decision to build new campuses for both colleges, Charlotte, business leaders, and Mecklenburg legislators aided in the acquisition of land and funding. The Board of Trustees used a mixture of state and county bonds to finance the construction. As the Board of Trustees made plans to build new facilities for Carver and Charlotte Colleges, the board faced complaints about the operation of dual colleges. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and Mecklenburg Council on Human Relations argued separate colleges created two second-rate institutions that would struggle for sufficient funding. In contrast, the Board of Trustees argued that attempts to integrate would curtail white student enrollment and “decimate” the black student body. The new campus for Carver College was in West Charlotte, and the board feared students near Carver would not want to attend Charlotte College since it was located across the county.
In 1961, Roy S. Wynn and James D. Martin sued the Trustees of the Charlotte Community College System on behalf of themselves and other taxpayers in Mecklenburg County. Wynn and Martin argued that the construction of Carver College and Charlotte College would be a wasteful duplication, and would violate the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954. However, the Supreme Court of North Carolina ruled against Wynn and Martin. They cited that no constitutional rights of the plaintiffs had been denied and that any qualified prospective student had not been excluded from attending either Charlotte College or Carver College solely based on race.
1963- Present
After a request by Carver faculty and students to change their name, the Board of Trustees approved the college’s new name in 1961. Thus, Carver College became Mecklenburg College. In 1963, Mecklenburg College merged with the all-white Central Industrial Education Center to create Central Piedmont Community College (CPCC). The merger occurred after the passage of the State Community College Act of 1963. CPCC President Richard Hagemeyer and the new administration brought over roughly fifteen African American teachers to serve as faculty for Central Piedmont during the merge. By 1964, enrollment at the Mecklenburg College campus had declined to roughly eighty-six students, and administration suspended daytime operations to the campus. Two factors influenced the closure of Mecklenburg College. The Central Piedmont governing board desired a centralized campus at the Elizabeth Avenue location. The other reason resulted from the effects of integrating Mecklenburg College and the Central Industrial Center. After the integration in 1963, African American students flocked to the formerly all-white campus at the old Central High School.
Today, Central Piedmont Community College and UNC Charlotte continue to be connected through the 49erNext and the UNC Charlotte passport program. 49erNext guarantees admission to UNC Charlotte to complete a bachelor’s degree after a student obtained an associate degree from Central Piedmont. The UNC Charlotte passport program is a one-year, invitation-only program for first-time college students that enables dual academic advising from both UNC Charlotte and Central Piedmont.
Primary Resources
Digital Collections
UNC Charlotte, Carver College Records, 1957-1965
Central Piedmont Community College, Carver College Records
Wynn v Charlotte Community College System, 1958-1961
Central Piedmont Scrapbook, Second-Ward HS, Carver College, and Mecklenburg College
Physical Collections
CPCC -Carver College Records
UNC Charlotte Carver College Records
Addison H. Reese Papers: Charlotte Community College System, 1957-1962
Hoyt R. Galvin Papers
Charlotte College Records
Charlotte Community College System Minutes
UNC Charlotte Oral Histories
David Hunter oral history interview 1, 1996 October 2
David Hunter oral history interview 2, 2005 April 14
John W. Love oral history interview 1, 2004 April 9
William Samuel Dunlap oral history interview, 2006 December 1
Central Piedmont Community College Oral Histories
Dean B. Davis oral history Interview
Dora Johnson oral history Interview
Eleanor Garrett oral history interview
James Alexander oral history interview
References
Two-year colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges in Charlotte, North Carolina
Historically black universities and colleges in North Carolina
Educational institutions established in 1949
Community colleges
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盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯颗粒的用法用量？注意：同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。口服：每瓶加水45ml振摇溶解后服用(溶解后为60ml，每5ml相当于克林霉素75mg)。按克林霉素计，1.儿童：一日剂量为按体重8～25mg/kg(一般感染8～16mg/kg,重症感染17～25mg/kg)，分3～4次服用(体重10kg以下幼儿每次服药应不少于37.5mg，一日3次)。2.成人：一次150～300mg(重症感染可用450mg)，一日4次。或遵医嘱。
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杰茜卡·埃迪（，），英国女子赛艇运动员。她曾代表英国参加2008年、2012年和2016年夏季奥林匹克运动会赛艇比赛，其中2016年奥运会获得一枚银牌。
参考资料
英国女子赛艇运动员
英国奥运赛艇运动员
2008年夏季奧林匹克運動會划船運動員
2012年夏季奧林匹克運動會划船運動員
2016年夏季奧林匹克運動會划船運動員
2016年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會划船獎牌得主
英國奧林匹克運動會銀牌得主
欧洲赛艇锦标赛奖牌得主
世界赛艇锦标赛奖牌得主
達勒姆運動員
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普罗布斯泰尔哈根（德语：）是德国石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州的一个市镇。总面积14.95平方公里，总人口2132人，其中男性1060人，女性1072人（2011年12月31日），人口密度143人/平方公里。
参见
石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州市镇列表
参考
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州市镇
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類病毒（Viroid）是一種具有傳染性的單鏈環狀RNA病原體。它比病毒要小，且沒有典型病毒所有的蛋白質外殼。類病毒為嚴格寄生物，專一性很強。目前所有已知的類病毒均為被子植物棲居者，且多數造成疾病；它們通常透過種子或花粉傳播，且整合到細胞核內進行複製。
類病毒最早由在美國工作的瑞士學者迪納（Theodor O. Diener）於1971年在馬鈴薯紡錘塊莖病中發現。
分類
馬鈴薯紡錘形塊莖類病毒科（Pospiviroidae）
馬鈴薯紡錘形塊莖類病毒屬（Pospiviroid）：代表種有馬鈴薯紡錘形塊莖類病毒（Potato spindle tuber viroid）
啤酒花矮化類病毒屬（Hostuviroid）：代表種有啤酒花矮化類病毒（Hop stunt viroid）
椰子死亡類病毒屬（Cocadviroid）：代表種有椰子死亡類病毒（Coconut cadang-cadang viroid）
蘋果鏽果類病毒屬（Apscaviroid）：代表種有蘋果鏽果類病毒（Apple scar skin viroid）
錦紫蘇類病毒屬（Coleviroid）：代表種有錦紫蘇類病毒1（Coleus blumei viroid 1）
鱷梨日斑類病毒科（Avsunviroidae）
鱷梨日斑類病毒屬（Avsunviroid）：代表種有鱷梨日斑類病毒（Avocado sunblotch viroid）
桃潛隱花葉類病毒屬（Pelamoviroid）：代表種有桃潛花葉類病毒（Peach latent mosaic viroid）
茄潛隱類病毒屬（Elaviroid）：代表種有茄潛隱類病毒（Eggplant latent viroid）
参考文献
外部連結
微生物免疫學-subvirus(亞病毒)
亚病毒因子
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坪内寿夫（，），在日本与松下幸之助、丰田英二齐名，被誉为“重建企业之神”。
生平
1914年，出生。
1934年，毕业于弓削商船高等专门学校，就职“南满洲铁道公司”。
1945年，日本战败，被苏军俘虏，押送西伯利亚。
1948年，返回故乡。
1950年，创办松山大剧场。
1953年，接手来岛造船厂，
1966年，创办奥道后饭店。
1971年，接手东邦相互银行。
1975年，重建地方报纸《新爱媛》。
1978年，接手佐世保重工。
1983年，佐世保重工扭亏为盈。
1988年，任佐世保重工董事长。
1994年，退休。
1999年，去世。
参考文献
南滿洲鐵道人物
关押于西伯利亚的日本人
愛媛縣出身人物
日本男性企業家
勳二等瑞寶章獲得者
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Indiepost () is a South Korean online magazine that publishs articles, columns, and interviews of cultural topics such as music and film. The webzine was formed by CEO Ahn Byeongtae, who led the video content business at SK Telecom, the mobile service expert director Shim Woo-chul, and the indie culture editor Lee Samin. And they were established as a company called IndiePost & Media in November 2015. They said they have a motto of "We Curate Values".
References
External links
South Korean music websites
Internet properties established in 2015
Online music magazines published in South Korea
Film magazines published in South Korea
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A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on May 26, 2002, the first of three lunar eclipses in 2002.
Visibility
The beginning of the penumbral phase was visible in most of North America except the northeast, Central America, western South America, extreme northeast Russia, eastern Asia, Australia, most of Antarctica, the Pacific Ocean, and the southeast Indian Ocean; the end of the eclipse was visible in southwestern Alaska, Asia except the extreme north, Australia, the eastern Indian Ocean, and most of the Pacific Ocean except the extreme eastern part.
Relation to other lunar eclipses
Eclipses of 2002
A penumbral lunar eclipse on May 26.
An annular solar eclipse on June 10.
A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 24.
A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 20.
A total solar eclipse on December 4.
It is the first of four lunar year cycles, repeating every 354 days.
Eclipse season
This is the first eclipse this season.
Second eclipse this season: 10 June 2002 Annular Solar Eclipse
Third eclipse this season: 24 June 2002 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
Saros series
Lunar Saros 111, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, has a total of 71 lunar eclipse events including 11 total lunar eclipses. The first total lunar eclipse of this series was on April 19, 1353, and last was on August 4, 1533. The longest occurrence of this series was on June 12, 1443 when the totality lasted 106 minutes.
Metonic series
First eclipse: May 26, 2002.
Second eclipse: May 26, 2021.
Third eclipse: May 26, 2040.
Fourth eclipse: May 27, 2059.
Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 118.
In popular culture
This eclipse appears in the 2022 film Turning Red, although it differs from actual events. It is depicted as taking place on the evening of May 25, rather than the early morning hours of May 26. Additionally, the film takes place in Toronto, where the total eclipse was not visible.
See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 21st-century lunar eclipses
References
External links
Saros cycle 111
http://www.eclipse.org.uk/eclipse/1132002/
2002-05
2002 in science
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产后三个月白带偶尔有血丝不明显怎么回事？白带是妇科最常见的临床症状之一，指阴道分泌物增多。很多人看医生是因为他们带的太多了。白带的敏感性因人而异。有些女性有大量白带，但没有不适感，而另一些则有正常或轻微增加的生殖器分泌物，外阴经常潮湿，会感到困惑和不适，所以她们渴望寻求治疗。这关系到我的个性、社会地位和文化水平。事实上，所有受雌激素影响的健康女性都有生殖道积液，通常被称为白带，这不应该被理解为病变。约10%的患者抱怨白带增多、生理白带增多、宫颈积液正常或阴道上皮细胞正常。因此，白带增多的患者应首先区分生理性白带和病理性白带。白带在分娩后三个月内会发生什么？有两种情况：1.生理性白带，包括阴唇、前庭腺、阴道腺、宫颈腺分泌，少量来自子宫内膜。2.第二步。第2步。病理性白带可引起盆腔和子宫充血，子宫颈和子宫内膜功能亢进。具体情况在医院检查诊断，听从医生指导。此外，在日常生活中，注意个人卫生，注意饮食，保证充足的睡眠，避免疲劳，多吃蔬菜和水果；你也可以做一些适度的运动。白带应如何预防和治疗？1.定期检查：即使没有不适，也应定期检查，最好每年至少检查一次，以便进行全面的妇科检查。2.第二步,及时就医：如白带增多或其他不适，应立即到医院治疗。3.要在医生的指导下用药。4.少穿紧身衣,应选择棉质内衣。5.尽量不要使用卫生巾，每晚用清水冲洗外阴，换内衣。另外，不要用各种药物清洗阴道，这样会破坏阴道内部环境，导致阴道炎。6.增强免疫力：坚持锻炼，增强体质；睡眠充足，饮食合理，营养均衡。多吃富含维生素的食物。7.心理调适：经常找点事做，让自己开心。
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奥维德·德克罗利（Ovide Decroly，），比利时心理学家和教育学家。
参考
洪丕熙. 德克罗利的教育学说及其影响[J]. 外国教育资料,1983,05:1-11.
外链
比利时心理学家
比利时教育家
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白粉菌属（学名：Erysiphe）是白粉菌目白粉菌科的模式属。其在白粉菌科中为最低等的属，该科的其他属有许多都是从白粉菌属直接或间接地演化而来，故该属形态较为多变。
白粉菌属也是白粉菌科中寄主植物的种类最多的一个属，绝大多数寄生在草本植物上，不过也有一些寄生在木本植物上。白粉菌属绝大多数为外部寄生菌。菌丝没有颜色，一般不会在寄主表皮细胞内产生吸器。无性繁殖形成单独的或串珠式的分生孢子，遮盖寄主受害部分，呈现白粉状。孢子可在干燥环境中萌发。有性繁殖产生闭囊壳。子囊有规则地在子囊果基部，成一束或一排，或只有一个子囊。引起多种经济植物的病害，如麦类白粉病、苹果白粉病、葡萄白粉病、桑白粉病等。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
参考文献
B
B
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小茨遗址，位于中国甘肃省永靖县，为一个省级文物保护单位，类型为古遗址。
小茨遗址的历史年代为新石器时代。
参考文献
甘肃省文物保护单位
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吐痰是指將口中痰液或其他分泌物吐出的行為。不同的年代和地區對吐痰有不同的理解。
文化內涵
於歐美很多地方，向別人的臉上吐痰代表對對方的極度鄙視、憎恨、不滿。
在很多已發展地區，隨地吐痰被視為極不文明行為。
衛生問題
根據中醫理論，民間普遍認為痰不可積在身體內，因此必須及時吐出。
隨地吐痰會帶來嚴重的衛生問題。由於飛沫是很多病菌的主要傳播途徑，因此隨地吐痰是很不衛生的行為。
法律問題
世界上很多地區都有把隨地吐痰列為非法行為。在香港於公眾地方隨地吐痰會判罰款港幣5,000元，即使是直接將痰吐在垃圾桶內或街道上的渠道去水口皆為犯法，政府建議市民及遊客如要吐痰須先將痰吐在紙巾上再包好扔進垃圾桶內。
周邊事物
痰盂是一種專門用來收集痰涎的器皿，一般放在餐廳的飯桌下，同時可用來收集煙蒂、食物殘渣，亦可作挪進睡房作小孩尿壺之用。痰盂（粵語稱為「痰罐」）於中國並非不可示人之物，例如在二十世纪七、八十年代中國的國家領導人接見外國元首時，經常可見到他們的座位旁置有痰盂。
中医有很多可「止咳化痰」的中药，例如陳皮、秋梨枇杷蜜等等。
卫生
习惯
行为
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菅井爱里（，），本名，是一名日本歌手、作曲家和编曲家，是作曲家渡邊格的配偶。出生於日本大阪。她从小时候起就进行合唱训练，1994年发表了其第一张个人专辑《》，之後迁往東京。她常举行小型演奏会，但自1994年起并未发表任何单曲或EP。毕业於甲南大學文学部社会学科。血型B型，星座为摩羯座。
她已为超过1000个电视商业广告制作配乐，迄今为止已出版了6张个人专辑。她因专辑《舞 Mai》而为人们熟知，其中专辑开篇曲“Horizon”知名度较高。
2016年因胰腺癌病逝。
专辑列表
1994年6月1日发行於Vap
舞 Mai 2000年2月19日发行於Pacific Moon
Horizon
Honen Bushi（里安娜主唱）
Konjaku Monogatari（歌词原文 、英译 ）
Aqua
竹田搖籃曲 A Lullaby of Takeda
First Love
舞 Mai
Rakuen
A Song of Birth
China Rose
香 Kaori 2004年6月30日发行於Pacific Moon
航海 Voyage to Asia
Iroha Song
Breath of Earth
Teinsagu nu Hana
静寂 Silence
Etenraku
Eternal Prayer
古都 Ancient City
國之狹土 Kunino Sazuchi
馨 Fragrance
航海 Voyage to Asia (A Cappella Version)
Air（Stẽlla Mirus名义） 2000年8月19日发行於Pacific Garden
Air (For The G String)（约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫）
Gymnopédies No.1（埃里克·薩蒂)
In Your Arms
Sonata Für Klavier Nr.14（路德维希·范·贝多芬）
Aquamarin
Stẽlla
Siciliana（加布里埃尔·福莱）
Tableaux d'une exposition（莫杰斯特·彼得罗维奇·穆索尔斯基）
Silent Love
Stẽlla Mirus II 2006年9月20日发行於Pacific Garden
Sunshine Filtering through Foliage
Adagio（托马索·阿尔比诺尼）
Cuckoo
Menuett BWV Anh.114～BWV115（约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫）
Pray
Die Moldau（贝多伊齐·斯美塔那）
A Drop of a Moonlit Night
Kanon（约翰·帕赫贝尔）
Toy's Night
A Star Clock
Pure
2009年6月23日发行於Green Mars
Genji millennia story
Into A Sleep
Heart of Earth
Far And Away Journey
童 Juvenile Mind
Miracle of Time
Beginning
Spirit of Forest
Mirage
Tapestry
参考文献
外部链接
MUSIC VALLEY DR～菅井えり 渡辺 格
和平之月主页
日本作曲家
日本女歌手
和平之月
S菅
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Maratoto is a valley and rural community in the Hauraki District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, north of Paeroa.
The valley extends up to the Coromandel Forest Park, which has a network of walking tracks.
History
Early history
Maratoto is a Māori word meaning "the rock of blood". It refers to a Māori legend about a group of warriors who were cornered on a rocky pinnacle in the valley, and flung themselves over the bank to avoid being captured.
By the 19th century, Ngāti Tamaterā had established a pā on the banks of the Maratoto Stream. It was called Hikutaia, which translates as "the end of the tide".
European settlers arrived in the area in the mid-19th century, most of the from Ireland. A small settlement sprung up around the Pioneer Hotel, which provided accommodation and alcohol for gold-miners passing through by stage coach. Gum-diggers cleared much of the local Kauri forest, and a local butcher set up a shop inside the hollow interior of an enormous kauri stump.
A telegraph line was completed 1872, ending the need for messages to be couriered to other settlements.
A Englishman pig-hunter discovered gold in the area while wrestling a pig into the creek. Richard McBrinn made a further gold discovery in the area in 1987; the McBrinn Creek is named after him.
Many people came to the area to mine gold and silver, including unusual characters like the South American Black Doctor.
A New South Wales gold-mining syndicate operated a mining company in the valley between 1888 and 1891. Their find was credible, but it was processed at a loss due to the cost of developing the site.
An Auckland syndicated established a company n the valley in 1898, installing a 15 head stamp battery and cyanide plant. It received Government funding and crushed ore for neighbouring mines.
Modern history
The mine closed in 1927 and is now abandoned.
Rock-climbers began visiting the area in the 1970s, and climbing routes began to be permanently mapped in 1996.
Remnants of old mines, an old telephone line, and a fence from an old cattle holding pen can still be found in the valley.
Facilities and attractions
Three tracks are accessible via Coromandel Forest Park:
Maratoto Wires Track follows the old telephone track through the valley, and takes about three hours one way. Part of the track is used by four wheel drivers, with restrictions in place to stop the spread of Kauri dieback. The track includes slippery clay, a steep incline, and an exposed summit at the top of the ridge.
Golden Cross Track connects with the Wires Track and goes through a regenerating forest in an old mining and farming area.
The Maratoto to Wentworth Crossing is a five-hour walk for experienced trampers, connecting to the Wentworth Falls Walk, Wentworth Valley and Whangamatā on the eastern side of the park.
There are 11 climbing routes. The routes are mostly suited to sport climbing, with lots of exposure and views.
References
Hauraki District
Populated places in Waikato
Valleys of New Zealand
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West Canberra Football Club is a former Australian Rules Football club based in the Australian Capital Territory that played in the ACT AFL from 1974 – 1987. West Canberra's guernsey was black and white (similar to Collingwood), and the team was nicknamed the Magpies. West Canberra merged with Belconnen Football Club to form the Belconnen Magpies Football Club. West Canberra never won an ACT AFL premiership.
See also
Belconnen Magpies Football Club
AFL Canberra
External links
Canberra 1974-1990 Fullpointsfooty
Belconnen Magpies FC Website
AFL Canberra clubs
1974 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1974
1987 disestablishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs disestablished in 1987
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大事记
5月1日——宋英宗繼位。
遼國耶律重元發動灤河之亂，平定後耶律乙辛被任命為北院樞密使，進封魏王，從此權傾朝野十餘年。
塞爾柱帝國創建者圖赫里勒·貝格過世，由於膝下無子嗣，圖赫里勒的堂弟庫塔爾米什與侄子阿爾普·阿爾斯蘭爆發了達姆甘之戰，在庫塔爾米什意外死亡後，阿爾斯蘭勝出並繼任為塞爾柱帝國第二任蘇丹。
出生
逝世
4月30日——宋仁宗趙禎。
耶律重元，遼聖宗次子，遼道宗皇太叔，因謀反失敗而出走自殺。
9月4日——圖赫里勒·貝格，塞爾柱帝國創建者。
3年
6
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Pendik is an underground station on the M4 line of the Istanbul Metro. Located under the Pendik interchange on the D.100 in the Bahçelievler neighborhood of Pendik, Istanbul, it was opened on 10 October 2016 along with the expansion from Kartal to Pendik. It is the closest station to the Turkish State Railways' Pendik station, located south. IETT offers bus service to bridge the gap.
Station Layout
Connections
Connections to IETT Bus service are available via the Pendik Köprüsü bus stop. The stop is located on the upper level (Ankara Cd.) and lower level (D.100). The following routes stop here:
132 — Akfırat/Tepeören - Kartal
132A — Çamlık Mahallesi - Kartal
132B — Akfırat Evleri - Kartal Metro
132D — Kurtdoğmuş/Ballıca - Kartal
132E — Emirli/Kurnaköy - Kartal
132H — Pendik YHT - Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı
132K — Yenişehir - Kartal
132P — Veysel Karani/Sultanbeyli - Kartal
133GP — Göçbeyli - Kartal
KM28 — Okan Üniversitesi - Pendik YHT
References
Railway stations opened in 2016
Istanbul metro stations
Pendik
2016 establishments in Turkey
Railway stations in Turkey opened in the 2010s
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出血性膀胱炎的治疗方案是什么?？1.立即停止使用或接触可引起出血性膀胱炎的药物。环磷酰胺是临床常用的一种细胞毒药物,广泛用于乳腺癌、白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、难治性肾病综合征和狼疮性肾炎等多种疾病的治疗,但其代谢产物可致严重的出血性膀胱炎,威胁病人的健康。目前,临床对于环磷酰胺致出血性膀胱炎的预防措施并不统一,各学者看法不同。如膀胱冲洗对于预防出血性膀胱炎的有效性和安全性、不同疾病和年龄的病人的水化治疗方案尚存在争论。2.多饮水，勤排尿，减少代谢产物的浓度及与膀胱接触的时间。3.膀胱药物灌洗，减少出血，如可使用1%硝酸银溶液、1%明矾溶液、4%或10%甲醛溶液等。冲洗液可加去甲肾上腺素，以助止血。4.全身用止血药物。5.应用抗生素控制感染。6.支持疗法，必要时给予输血、补液等。7.出血严重时可考虑双侧髂内动脉栓塞术或结扎术，需要时行膀胱切除术。
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聖馬丁將軍鎮（），是阿根廷的縣份，位於該國西北部聖胡安省的卡林加斯塔縣，海拔高度615米，2001年人口13,063，該地區在1977年考塞特地震中受到嚴重破壞。
阿根廷縣份
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Turbonilla morenoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 1.8 mm and 4.6 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Fiji, Vanuatu and New Caledonia
References
External links
To Encyclopedia of Life
To World Register of Marine Species
morenoi
Gastropods described in 2010
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惠太后（），竇氏，為北魏世祖的乳母。
生平
竇氏最初是以罪犯的身分，與兩個女兒一同入宮為婢。由於品行良好又知進退，因此為北魏太祖命為庶出长子拓跋焘的乳母。
據史載，竇氏性情仁慈，對拓跋焘視如己出、善加教養，使得拓跋焘對其奉養至孝猶如親生母子。之後拓跋焘即位為北魏世祖，竇氏被尊為保太后，不久改封皇太后。竇氏得到尊封後，依然保持過去的仁善，並未因成為太后而自傲，竇太后治理後宮相當得宜，又好揚人之善，隱人之過，使得竇氏甚有美譽。
世祖出征涼州時，蠕蠕的吳提趁虛來犯，宮中奉竇太后之命將其擊退。太平真君元年（440年），竇太后過世，享壽63歲，諡號惠，葬於崞山。
竇太后的葬地是奉竇氏生前的旨意所決定的。竇太后曾登上崞山，向近侍說道：「我養育世祖，敬神而愛人，若死後靈魂尚存，應當不會淪為鬼怪。但先朝體制中本來就沒有我的位子，因此在我死後更不可以違背禮制地建造園陵。至於這座山，則能夠用以葬我。」因此竇太后葬於崞山，並立寢廟於崞山，建碑頌德。
注釋
竇姓
D窦
D窦
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Joel Inez "Sailor" Newkirk (June 1, 1896 – January 22, 1966) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago Cubs.
Life
Newkirk was born in Kyana, Indiana, the son of Caleb Wilson Newkirk (1875-1945) and his wife, Sarah Florence (nee Ray) Newkirk (1878-1961). His younger brother is former Major League Baseball pitcher Floyd Newkirk. Joel served as a Boatswain Mate 1st Class in the United States Naval Reserve during World War I. This is likely what gave him the nickname "Sailor."
He married Vivian Capitola Stiles (1900-1974) and they had one daughter, Betty Joel Newkirk Westfall (1921-1996).
Newkirk is a descendant of Sergeant Elias Newkirk, who served in the American Revolutionary War, and whose family was among the earliest settlers to Ulster County, New York. Elias's brother, Abraham, was a direct ancestor of Steve Comer, another Major League pitcher, and actor Dash Mihok; this makes both Comer and Mihok 5th cousins, twice removed of Joel.
Joel is buried at Wolf Creek Cemetery in Eldorado, Illinois, where he passed away.
References
External links
1896 births
1966 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Chicago Cubs players
Columbus Senators players
Wichita Falls Spudders players
Baseball players from Indiana
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科克斯山（），是南極洲的山峰，位於維多利亞地，處於基勒冰原島峰以北9公里，海拔高度1,960米，美國地質調查局根據測量和該國海軍的空中照片繪入地圖，現時由南極條約體系管理。
南極洲山峰
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Flávio Paulino da Silva Filho (born 14 April 1989 in Santo André) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for União Recreativa dos Trabalhadores.
Career
On 22 July 2013, Flávio Paulino signed with Lokomotiv Plovdiv in Bulgaria on a two-year deal.
Statistics
As of 1 November 2013
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Liga Portugal 2 players
São Paulo FC players
Colo Colo de Futebol e Regatas players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
São Carlos Futebol Clube players
Paulista Futebol Clube players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
S.C. Covilhã players
Real Estelí FC players
Clube Atlético Metropolitano players
Sport Club São Paulo players
Concórdia Atlético Clube players
Camboriú Futebol Clube players
Ypiranga Futebol Clube players
União Recreativa dos Trabalhadores players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Nicaragua
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Santo André, São Paulo
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Tiberia is a genus of minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. Tiberia is the only genus in the tribe Tiberiini.
Taxonomy
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) the subfamily Tiberiinae contains a single genus, Tiberia.
Tiberiinae was one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg (1997).
However, in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), this subfamily was downgraded to the rank of tribe Tiberiini in the subfamily Syrnolinae.
Tiberia is the type genus of the tribe Tiberiini.
Description
The very small shells of the species in this genus have many whorls. They are umbilicate shells that lack both shell sculpture and the apertural tooth or teeth that are characteristic in most other members of the family Pyramidellidae. They may, however, have slight biplicate folds on the columella.
Species
Species in the genus Tiberia include:
Tiberia analoga van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
Tiberia apicifusca van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 1998
Tiberia balteata (A. Adams, 1855)
Tiberia cathaysiae Saurin, 1959
Tiberia grimaudi Saurin, 1959
Tiberia hyalina (Dunker, 1860)
Tiberia minuscula (Monterosato, 1880) - synonym: Tiberia octaviana Di Geronimo, 1973
Tiberia navella van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
Tiberia ngani Saurin, 1959
Tiberia nitidula (A. Adams, 1860)
Tiberia ovata Saurin, 1959
Tiberia paumotensis (Tryon, 1886)
Tiberia pusilla (A. Adams, 1854)
Tiberia semicostata Saurin, 1962
Tiberia thaii Saurin, 1959
Tiberia trifasciata (A. Adams, 1863)
Species brought into synonymy
Tiberia balteatus [sic]: synonym of Tiberia balteata (A. Adams, 1855)
Tiberia dunkeri (Dall & Bartsch, 1906): synonym of Orinella dunkeri (Dall & Bartsch, 1906)
Tiberia gisela (Thiele, J., 1925): synonym of Exesilla gisela (Thiele, 1925)
Tiberia micalii i Penas & Rolan, 1997: synonym of Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tiberia minusculoides (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 1998): synonym of Tiberia minuscula (Monterosato, 1880)
Tiberia nitidula Adams, A., 1860: synonym of Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tiberia octaviana Di Geronimo, 1973: synonym of Tiberia minuscula (Monterosato, 1880)
Tiberia pretiosa Coen, 1933: synonym of Chrysallida interstincta (J. Adams, 1797): synonym of Parthenina interstincta (J. Adams, 1797)
Tiberia pulchella (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of Orinella pulchella (A. Adams, 1854)
References
Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
External links
Jeffreys J.G. 1884. On the Mollusca procured during the 'Lightning' and 'Porcupine' expeditions, 1868-70. (Part VIII). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882: 341-372, pl. 26-28
Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER,José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114
Pyramidellidae
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Gold in the Street (French: L'Or dans la rue ) is a 1934 French comedy film directed by Curtis Bernhardt, written by Henry Koster and Henri Decoin, and starring Danielle Darrieux. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys.
Plot
Albert bets his friend Pierre he can seduce the first woman that Pierre might pick. The working girl Gaby happens to be the chosen. When Albert gets to know her he falls in love with her. At the same time he attempts to make a fortune by participating in a swindle about alleged "synthetic gold". But at the very day when the scheme ought to be accomplished, everything goes terribly awry and he is debunked. After that he has scarcely enough money left to buy a ticket to the United States for himself and his fiancée Gaby.
Cast
Albert Préjean as Albert Perret
Danielle Darrieux as Gaby
Raymond Cordy as Pierre
Pierre Larquey as Tourbier
Jean Worms as De Varville
Vanda Gréville as Miss Bruce
Alice Tissot as Mme Tourbier
Suzy Delair as Madeleine
Pierre Finaly as Achille
Gabrielle Fontan as Pierre's mother
Lucien Callamand as the clerk
Georges Paulais as the customer
Robert Dalban as the man at the railway station
References
Bibliography
Oscherwitz, Dayna & Higgins, MaryEllen . The A to Z of French Cinema. Scarecrow Press, 2009.
External links
L'Or dans la rue at Gaumont.fr
L'Or dans la rue at Dvdtoile
1934 films
French black-and-white films
French comedy films
1934 comedy films
Films scored by Paul Dessau
Films directed by Curtis Bernhardt
1930s French films
1930s French-language films
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巴西驻华大使馆（），是巴西联邦共和国在中华人民共和国的最高外交代表机构。馆址位于中国北京市朝阳区光华路27号。同时也兼任巴西驻蒙古国的大使馆。
历史
1974年8月15日，巴西与中华人民共和国建交，并在北京设置大使馆和派驻大使。
历任大使
另见
中国驻巴西大使馆
中国－巴西关系
参考资料
驻中华人民共和国大使馆
巴西駐外機構
中华人民共和国—巴西关系
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请描述萱草的药效？萱草Hemerocallis fulva 的根茎是中药药材，可消肿退火。
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曾咏（），字永言，号吟村，华阳人。
生平
世代為農民。道光二十四年（1844年）甲辰科三甲进士，授户部主事，官至江西吉安府知府。咸丰元年（1851年），娶左锡嘉為妻。太平軍攻城時棄城逃跑，與丁日昌同被革職。咸豐十一年（1861年）十月應曾國藩之邀至安慶佐赞军事。同治元年（1862）壬戌闰八月初二日巳时，因积劳成疾卒於军旅。左锡嘉赴奔丧，扶枢携子女归蜀。赠太仆寺卿。其子曾光煦以父荫选授山西定襄县知县。
工詩，有《吟云仙馆诗稿》。
女曾懿，教育家。
注釋
清朝戶部主事
清朝吉安府知府
清朝詩人
Y
道光十五年乙未恩科四川鄉試舉人
華陽人
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Budnik () is a hamlet in the Yadrovskaya Volost, part of the Pskovsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia. Population: .
Geography
Budnik is located on the left bank of the Cheryokha, east of the village of Cheryokha.
Population
In 2000, the population numbered 2 people.
Notable people
In local lore, Budnik is the alleged birthplace of Vladimir the Great (ca.958–1015), the prince who Christianized the Kievan Rus'.
References
Rural localities in Pskov Oblast
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The 2021 season was Kelantan's 76th year in their history and third season in the Malaysia Premier League since 2019 following relegation 2018 season. Along with the league, the club will also compete in the Malaysia Cup.
Events
On 14 January 2021, the club announced Marco Ragini as Kelantan head coach.
On 13 February 2021, Natanael Siringo Ringo signed a one-year contract with the club.
17 February 2021, three new foreign players joined the club. Mario Arqués, Jack Hindle and Christos Intzidis.
On 5 May 2021, two players from the club have been tested positive for COVID-19 before league match against Selangor II.
On 24 June 2021, Zubir Azmi signed a contract with Kelantan from Sabah.
On 11 August 2021, the club won 3–1 over Kelantan United.
Squad
Technical staff
Competitions
Malaysia Premier League
League table
Results by round
Matches
Malaysia Cup
Group stage
Statistics
Appearances and goals
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! colspan="10" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Goalkeepers
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! colspan="16" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Defenders
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! colspan="16" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Midfielders
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! colspan="16" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Forwards
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! colspan="16" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Players transferred out during the season
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See also
2021 Kelantan United F.C. season
References
2021
Kelantan
Kelantan F.C.
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The Pakistan Ju-Jitsu Federation (PJJF) is the national official governing body to promote and control Ju Jitsu Sports activities in Pakistan and is currently headed by Mr. Khalil Ahmed Khan a martial artist having black belt 6 Dan and more than 36 years of experience in coaching. The federation was established in the year 1996. Ju-Jitsu is the only Sports in Pakistan which brought many Laurels for the country by winning Gold, Silver and bronze medals from the official games i.e. Asian Beach Games, Asian Martial Arts Games, Asian Martial arts and Indoor Games.
Affiliations
The federation is affiliated with:
Ju Jitsu Asian Union
Ju-Jitsu International Federation (JJIF)
Pakistan Olympic Association
Asian Belt Wrestling Federation
Affiliated bodies
The federation has following affiliated bodies
Balochistan Ju Jitsu Association
Khyber Phakhtunkhwa Ju Jitsu Association
Sindh Ju Jitsu Association
Punjab Ju Jitsu Association (Punjab jujitsu association is currently headed by Mr khalil Ahmed khan as president, Dr zaid arif as General Secretary and Dr haris Ashraf as treasurer)
Pakistan Police
Pakistan WAPDA
Islamabad Ju Jitsu Association
Pakistan Navy
Pakistan Army
Pakistan Air Force
Higher Education Commission
Gilgit Baltistan Ju Jitsu Association
DHA Lahore
References
External links
Official Website
Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
Jujutsu
1996 establishments in Pakistan
Sports organizations established in 1996
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Clay Moser (born November 10, 1962) is currently an assistant coach for the Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Previously, he held positions with the professional teams: the Los Angeles Lakers, the Sacramento Kings, the Golden State Warriors, the Orlando Magic, the Cleveland Cavaliers, and the New Orleans Hornets in Oklahoma City, OK, Post-Katrina.
Chronological Career History
Moser's career started in 1984 with his coaching experience at his junior college in Minnesota, and has continued over multiple parallels and leagues, including basketball operations, coaching, scouting, management and ownership, both domestic and international, and most notably within the NBA, CBA, D-League, and NCAA.
Beginning
Moser started his passionate basketball career in college, coaching at Fergus Falls Community College, now Minnesota State Community and Technical College. He was the Head Assistant Coach between 1984–1987 under legendary coach Dave Retzlaff, where he helped lead the team to three Northwest Division Championships in three years with one player eventually playing professionally. He helped the team to two notable milestones, the school's first championship in 1984 in the Minnesota College Athletic Conference, and the school's first National Tourney Appearance at the 1984 NJCAA Region XIII Championships. He graduated from the UW-LaCrosse with a BS in Physical Education with a Sport Management Emphasis which led him to working under Jim Valvano at NC State.
Upon graduating, Moser headed East where he worked for Valvano at North Carolina State University as an assistant coach from August 1987 – August 1989. During this time, he worked as a Recruiting Coordinator, during four signing periods, where he signed twelve players, including Derrick Chandler, Bryant Feggins, Tom Gugliotta, Mickey Hinnant, Pancho Hodges, Jamie Knox, David Lee, Gary Madison, Donnie Seale, Kevin Thompson, Byron Tucker, and Craig Tyson. Through Moser's time with this team, they achieved two consecutive NCAA tournament appearances, a 1989 Sweet 16 Appearance, and were champions in the 1989 Atlantic Coast Conference. Seven of the twelve players he recruited played in the NBA, and two others played in other pro leagues, respectively.
Moser assisted in all aspects of basketball operations, including game/practice preparation, academic monitoring, player development, recruiting, on floor practice. This led to him operating The Jim Valvano Basketball School, which was an extremely profitable venture.
The Rise & Fall of the CBA
In August 1989, Moser accepted a position with the Sioux Falls Sky Force in South Dakota within the former Continental Basketball Association (CBA) as an assistant coach and assistant director of basketball operations. Between 1990-91, the Sky Force jumped to the 4th most improved team in the CBA with 23% more wins, and led the CBA in scoring with 117.3 ppg. Moser was promoted within the franchise to general manager in 1992, and vice president in 1993. During this time, he participated in the Great Midstates Recruiting Review as the Creator, Owner, and Founder from 1993-1996 in Sioux Falls, SD.
He spent his summers of '90 and '91 as the head coach for the Southern California Summer Pro League in Los Angeles, CA which held an overall record of 13-7 with 1-3 Playoffs where each team made playoffs. Here, he coached many free agents in the NBA division, including Danny Manning, Robert Pack, David Wingate, Chris Corchiani, Byron Scott, and Pat Cummings. They advanced to the Free Agent Finals in 1990. He was named to Coach Free Agent All-Stars for the years 1990 and 2004.
In July 1994, Moser moved his young family to St. Louis, Missouri where he accepted the position with the CBA as vice president of basketball operations. He received a promotion in October 1996 to senior vice president, and eventually left for the position of CEO, President, general manager and eventual part owner of the Idaho Stampede in Boise, ID in April 1997. While in this position, he advanced within the CBA to Western Regional Vice President of the league in May 2000. December 2000, he joined, for the second time in his career, the USA Basketball board of directors in Colorado Springs, CO for two years.
Moser ended his relationship with the Stampede during the CBA shutdown in February 2001, a result of league bankruptcy due to the controversial management of Isiah Thomas, where Thomas forfeited the CBA as the primary player development league. In response, the NBA created their own developmental league, which played its first game the following season in November 2001.
This is where Moser's career took an incredible turn, that although challenging and unpredictable, is responsible for fueling the diversity in his career that has led him to his current path of success.
He accepted a position with Treasure Valley Community College in Ontario, OR as the men's basketball head coach and PE Instructor from 2001-2002. With his help, he increased wins by 30% from the previous season, 14-16 record overall. For the first and only time in the school's history (1-40), TVCC beat Utah Valley State, set the school record for largest margin of victory (70) on 12/2/01 (117-47), and defeated Rick's College at Rick's for the first and only time in school history. Additionally, he moved the team into a positive scoring margin for the season, an improvement from a negative margin (increase of over 7 PPG), and increased scoring by 12.5% (80.5 from 70.4), topping the century mark 6 times. Moser recruited and signed 11 players from April to August to fill the roster, with only three scholarships to give. TVCC played in the NJCAA DI division, and in Region XVIII, eventually producing a national champion and three NBA players.
Transition To NBA
Moser worked as an advanced scout for the Golden State Warriors in Oakland, California, under Eric Musselman for the 2002-2003 season where the team was most improved in the NBA, and Coach Musselman was runner-up coach-of-the-year. Moser's work included X's and O's, statistical analysis, and personal analysis of upcoming opponents for coaching staff. This was the beginning of the professional friendship between Moser and Musselman for future years to come.
Between 2003-2004, Moser heads back to the CBA to accept a position as head coach and president for the Great Lakes Storm in Birch Run, MI. During this time, he recorded at least one win over each team in the league. He signed free agents Anthony Bonner and Stais Boseman, future all-stars, and Jimmy King and Shelton Jones, two CBA MVP's. During this difficult time in CBA history, with over half of the teams in bankruptcy, Moser increased this franchise revenue by nearly 500%.
Chinese Basketball Association
In the wake of the CBA's bankruptcy, Moser saw opportunity overseas. Specifically, in Changchun City as the Coach and Team Consultant for the Jilin Northeastern Tigers from 2004-2005. Working in the People's Republic of China presented many occupational difficulties with culture shock and translation technicalities, yet Moser raised this team up in Jilin Province, clinching the North Division Playoff Berth with 19 days remaining in the regular season, and holding a 15-9 North Division record, including winning 12 division games at home. The Club set specific goals for the 04-05 season of which Moser achieved the following victories: recorded the first ever road win over Shanxi 16/2/05, 116-111, brought the team to the playoffs, played younger players more minutes during this season than previous seasons to gain experience, and improved the team defensively, where the PPG improved from 107 to 99. As the only foreign coach in the league to last the entire season, he held a regular season record 19-19 playing 9 games without the best import or overall player in the mid-season stretch. His other notable improvements and achievements with the team included coaching the 22 year old Wang Bo to first All-Star selection after sixth year in League, and bringing his coaching staff to the All-Star bench versus the Korean Basketball League (KBL). The Jilin Northeastern Tigers held a 2-6 playoff record for this season.
Return to the United States
Moser had a busy summer upon his return to the US. He was the Westchester Wildfire head coach in the USBL for the 2005 Summer Playoffs. He directed the first ever American coach run basketball camp for USBL in Beirut, Lebanon in conjunction with Med Quest, a partner of Super Agency, Interperformances. He participated in the NBA Summer League as assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs where he assisted summer head coach in all facets of successful pre-league mini camp and Rocky Mountain Revue. He continued the year as an NBA Consultant for Team Business Operations and International Business Development in New York City, NY. He worked with Owner, President, CMO and CFO of New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets post Hurricane Katrina to transition the team from New Orleans to Oklahoma City, as well as developed a comprehensive review of all aspects of the Chinese Basketball Association for the NBA by analyzing rules, venues, lodging, accommodations, travel, revenue, expenses, and league viability. This relationship lead to the position of Vice President of Business Development for the newly relocated Oklahoma City Hornets for the 2005-2006 season.
With the Hornets, Moser ran the ticket sales and operations department where he managed 37 full-time employees and nearly 32 million dollars in sales. He assisted with interdepartmental Sales & Marketing collaboration to reach 22 sellouts, 10 standing room only crowds that included setting the largest sports crowd in Ford Center history on two different occasions while ranking 1st in the league for customer satisfaction and likelihood to renew season tickets. During the regular season, he also supervised the ticket sales and operations for four unprecedented separate facilities: Ford Center, Lloyd-Noble Center, New Orleans Arena, and the Pete Maravich Assembly Center.
Back to Coaching Roots
For the 2006-2007 season, Moser joined head coach Eric Musselman as the Advanced Scout for the Sacramento Kings. During this time, he became proficient in XOS Play Tools Software while perfecting his X's and O's, statistical, and personnel analysis of upcoming opponents for the coaching staff. With this team, he joined the summer league as a member of the assistant coaching staff, as well as a member of the Basketball Without Borders coaching staff where he returned to the People's Republic of China in Shanghai, July 2007.
While in Shanghai working with BWB, he received the opportunity to extend his stay in China by working for the Vlade Divac Children's Foundation in Shanghai, Haikou, Hainan, PRC, Hong Kong, SAR, as a Celebrity Coach where he conducted fundraising and philanthropic camps and clinics.
He returned that summer to a position with the Orlando Magic as their Advanced Scout for the 2007-2008 season where his primary work involved X's and O's and statistical analysis of opponents while on the road.
The 2008-2009 season took Moser to McAllen, Texas as head coach for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers where his team held a 21-29 record and improved the team's road record by 80%. He was entrusted in leading the league in promotional and charitable appearances, bringing his team honorable recognitions through their season. During this time, he produced NBA Call-Up Jawad Williams to the Cleveland Cavaliers, and developed him into D-League Player of the Month in March 2009. He led his team to the franchise's first ever wins in Austin, Idaho, and Utah while also setting the franchise's best 11-game stint where they won 8. As a coach that operated his department with fiscal responsibility, he was able to develop Trent Strickland to D-League honorable mention at his career best, Kurt Looby to the league's leading shot blocker, Ernest Scott to D-League All-Star "Dream Factory" Friday Night (another franchise first), as well as produced three players to the Chinese Basketball Association.
Moser's work with the Vipers caught the attention of the Cleveland Cavaliers for the 2009-2010 season where he provided the tools as Regional Advanced Scout to help the team finish with the best record in the NBA. Summer of 2010 was spent in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic as the First Assistant for the Dominican Republic national basketball team where the team went undefeated in pool play and finished 5-1 overall. With Moser's help, the team qualified for Pan American Games and FIBA America's Pre-Olympic Qualifier where they secured the silver medal in Centrobasket at the tournament.
Reno, Nevada received Clay as the associate head coach under Eric Musselman for the 2010-2011 season. He helped set franchise records under the salary line including: a 34-16 record (.680), becoming Western Conference Champions, promoting franchise's first and second ever call-ups Steve Novak, and Danny Green (basketball) to the San Antonio Spurs, made D-League Semifinals and won the franchise's first playoff series. The Bighorns finished first in the league in opponents PPG (98.1) and FG% (.440) while also holding the best home and road record in franchise history, ending with the 2nd best overall record in the D-League, and 2nd in league in turnovers committed per game (15.3). The team didn't lose one game from January 26, 2011 – February 25, 2011, and set records against Illinois with margin of victory (41 vs Springfield), fewest points allowed (72 vs Springfield), and fewest turnovers (5 vs Springfield) all on February 2, 2011. They carried their winning streaks on to at least seven other games, three separate times, holding a franchise record. Unsurprisingly, the team's success increased attendance and increased the 2011-2012 season ticket renewals.
The Los Angeles Lakers
Moser moved to Los Angeles in August 2011 as associate head coach for the LA D-Fenders in the D-League. The team held first place in its league when he was promoted to the Lakers as Advanced Scout for the 2011-2012 season. During his time with the Lakers, he received three promotions: Head Advanced Scout in August 2012, Assistant Coach/Head Advanced Scout in 2014, and finally to assistant coach and the director of Basketball Strategy, a newly created position specifically for his talents, in 2015. He sat on Laker Analytics Committee specializing in Advance Opponent Statistical Preparation where he was proficient in fast draw, fast scout, and synergy.
University of Arkansas Razorbacks
On May 27, 2019, Moser signed a one-year contract with the Arkansas Razorbacks as the Men's Basketball Assistant Coach to once again work with Eric Musselman.
On March 27, 2021, the Arkansas Razorbacks advanced to the Elite Eight in the March Madness Tournament for the first time in 25 years.
Additional Notorieties
Moser has nearly 30 year old collectors basketball cards.
Clay has sat on numerous boards and committees, participated in multiple camps, speaking engagements, and scouting events, as well as consulted in business as well as TV/Film work.
A savvy businessman, Moser is also invested in many personal business endeavors within, and outside of basketball. He has held his position as vice president of basketball operations for the Southern California Summer Pro League in Long Beach, California, since May 2002. He has successfully been involved in the business end of many teams.
Moser hosted a coaching clinic in Australia for the Bendigo Braves summer of 2018.
On May 7, 2019, Moser returned to his home state to deliver an inspirational speech about the NBA dream.
Personal life
Moser was born in Dorchester, Nebraska and moved to Minnesota when he was 7. He as 5 siblings. Moser has 3 children and one grandchild.
Home is always where the team is and he currently resides in Fayetteville, AR; however Moser and his wife both hail from Minnesota where they also maintain a residence.
Education
Moser graduated from the University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse in 1987 with a Bachelor of Science in Physical Education with an emphasis in Sports Management. Moser also attended Fergus Falls Community College from 1981-1984 where he received an Associate of Arts in General Studies and began his coaching career.
Most recently, he received a Non-Accredited Doctorate in NBA Basketball as an Advanced Scout.
References
1962 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Minnesota
Cleveland Cavaliers scouts
Continental Basketball Association coaches
Continental Basketball Association executives
Golden State Warriors scouts
Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
Los Angeles Lakers assistant coaches
Los Angeles Lakers scouts
NC State Wolfpack men's basketball coaches
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rio Grande Valley Vipers coaches
Sacramento Kings scouts
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse alumni
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The Villa of the Mysteries () is a well-preserved suburban ancient Roman villa on the outskirts of Pompeii, southern Italy. It is famous for the series of exquisite frescos in Room 5, which are usually interpreted as showing the initiation of a bride into a Greco-Roman mystery cult. These are now among the best known of the relatively rare survivals of Ancient Roman painting from the 1st century BC.
Like the rest of the Roman city of Pompeii, the villa was buried in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It was excavated from 1909 onwards. It is now a popular part of tourist visits to Pompeii and forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Pompeii.
Location
The villa is located some 400 m northwest of the town walls, between the roads Via Delle Tombe and Via Superiore lined with funerary monuments leading to the Herculaneum Gate of Pompeii, and is near the Villa of Diomedes and the so-called Villa of Cicero. It lies on a hill with an expansive view of the current Gulf of Naples; it rests on a slope and is partly supported by a cryptoporticus formed by blind arches.
History
The villa was built in the 2nd century BC and reached its period of maximum splendor during the Augustan age when it was considerably enlarged and embellished. Recent research, however, has posited that the villa was built in the early 1st century BC around the time of Sulla. This analysis is based on stratigraphic evidence and the dating of the Second Style frescoes, which are the earliest decoration in the villa stylistically dating to the early 1st century BC. After construction, it was then a villa urbana, which is a type of suburban villa, with large rooms and hanging gardens, in a panoramic position. Following the earthquake of 62 AD, it fell into disrepair, as did much of the city, and was transformed into a villa rustica with the addition of agricultural equipment such as a wine press. The building was then mainly used for the production and sale of wine.
The ownership of the Villa is unknown, as is the case with many private homes in Pompeii. A bronze seal was found in the villa that names L. Istacidius Zosimus, a freedman of the powerful Istacidii family, who was either the owner of the Villa or the overseer of its reconstruction after the earthquake of 62 AD. The presence of a statue of Livia, wife of Augustus, has led some historians to suggest that she was the owner.
Discovery and excavation
The villa, initially called Villa Item, was uncovered between 1909 and 1910 in an excavation conducted by Giuseppe Spano; a more in-depth investigation was carried out between 1929 and 1930 by Amadeo Maiuri, following the expropriation imposed by the Italian State.
Important restoration and conservation work on the frescoes took place from 2013 to 2015.
In 2018, archaeologists discovered the unique remains of harnessed horses. The stable was excavated following the discovery in 2017 of illegal tunnels around the walls of the villa to steal artifacts, which had destroyed one of the bodies.
Description
Although covered with meters of pumice and ash, the Villa sustained only minor damage during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Most of its walls, ceilings, and particularly its frescoes survived largely intact.
The ancient entrance, which is located directly opposite the modern entrance, had benches for waiting clients and led to service rooms, including a courtyard for storing and unloading produce, servants' quarters, and rooms for agricultural equipment. A wine press discovered during excavations has been restored to its original location. It was not uncommon for the homes of the very wealthy to include areas for the production of wine, olive oil, or other agricultural products, especially since many elite Romans owned farmland or orchards in the immediate vicinity of their villas. Past the entrance is the peristyle, the bathing and kitchen quarters, and the main atrium with an impluvium which leads into a triclinium with access to a portico with a view of the Gulf of Naples. Room 5, which is decorated with the famous frescoes for which the villa is named, lies to the right of Room 4, which is a cubiculum often identified as a "nuptial chamber."
Though often believed to be a triclinium, Room 5 could have been a cubiculum or, as Brenda Longfellow posits, even multifunctional and used by various family members at different times of day or on different days. Because the exact use of the room is uncertain, it is also often referred to as an oecus, but it cannot securely be characterized as such. Room 5 is located at the back of the villa off of a peristyle with only one entrance and exit, making it one of the least accessible rooms in the villa to visitors. Because of its rich decoration and relative inaccessibility, it is thought to have been used on special occasions for invited guests.
The bodies of two women and a child were found in lower pumice eruption layers of the Villa, suggesting that they were caught in the early stages of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. They were on the upper floor of the farm section and plaster casts were made of them as in other areas of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Six bodies (one girl near the entrance, one woman, four others in the cryptoporticus) were found in the later higher pyroclastic eruption layers indicating they had survived the first part of the catastrophe.
Frescoes
The villa is named for the paintings Room 5, which are in the Second Style and dated to about 70-60 BC. Although the actual subject of the frescoes is debated, the most common interpretation is that they depict the initiation of a woman into matrimony in accordance with the Dionysian Mysteries, a mystery cult devoted to the god known to the Romans as Bacchus. Specific rites were required to become a member. A key feature that helps to identify these scenes as Bacchic is the depiction of maenads, the deity's female followers. These devotees are often shown dancing with swirling drapery on painted Greek pottery from the sixth century BC onward. There are many different interpretations of the frescoes, but they are commonly believed to depict a religious rite in some form. A common theory is that the frescoes depict a bride initiating into the Bacchic Mysteries in preparation for marriage. In this hypothesis, the elaborate costume worn by the main figure is believed to be wedding apparel.
Restorations
The famous frescoes of the villa were first discovered in 1909, but they were soon damaged by a combination of poor protection from the elements and an earthquake that occurred in June. The major problems that developed were damp and salt-residues that leached from the ground, causing white stains to appear on the surface of the paintings. To counteract this, large sections of the frescoes were removed and re-attached after the walls were rebuilt with new stone to better resist the damp and salt leaching.
According to the preservation methods prevalent at the time, coatings of wax and petroleum were applied to remove the residues and provide protection, which accounts for the glossy sheen which was characteristic of the frescoes in the 20th/early 21st centuries. These coatings proved remarkably effective in protecting the paintings from further damage, but one side effect was that they distorted the original colouring, making the red background appear darker than the original pigment. Later in 1909, a German team of archaeologists undertook further restorations onsite.
Between 2013 and 2015, restorations were undertaken on the frescoes using modern techniques. This included treatment with the antibiotic amoxicillin, which removed the manganese dioxide that had leached into the paintings from the ground, and the streptococci bacteria which feed on the pigments and cause deterioration. Other treatment included the analysis and restoration of the original colour tones, after laser technology was used to remove the layers of wax and petroleum applied in the early 20th century.
Interpretation of the frescoes
Based on the subject matter and order of the frescoes, they are intended to be read as a single narrative. The scenes represent different moments in the initiation ritual into the Bacchic Mysteries. Women and satyrs are featured prominently, with the villa owner's family possibly acting as models for the women and children depicted in the frescoes. Given the widely accepted theory that the murals portray aspects of the cult of Bacchus, some propose that the frescoed room itself was used to conduct initiations and other rituals, although the exact use of this room is heavily debated. Molly Swetnam-Burland has argued against this interpretation of the room, stating that that when compared to other depictions of Bacchus in religious contexts around Pompeii, the Bacchus in these frescoes is different in key aspects, demonstrating that this is not a religious space.
The first mural shows a noble Roman woman approaching a priestess or matron seated on a throne, by which stands a small boy reading a scroll – presumably the declaration of the initiation into the cult or singing a hymn. On the other side of the throne a young woman is shown in a purple robe and myrtle crown, holding a sprig of laurel and a tray of cakes. She appears to be a serving girl and may be bringing an offering to the god or goddess.
The second mural depicts another priestess (or senior initiate) and her assistants preparing the liknon basket; at her feet are the legs of the bench she is sitting on that could be mistaken as mushrooms. At one side a Silenus (a creature part man and part horse) is playing a lyre. Silenus, the name of the tutor and companion of Bacchus, was also a general term used to describe his mythological species.
The third mural shows a satyr playing the panpipes and a nymph suckling a goat in an Arcadian scene. To their right is a figure some have identified as the goddess Aura. Others have identified her as the initiate or bride.
In the direction to which she stares in horror, the fourth mural shows a young satyr being offered a bowl of wine by Silenus, while behind him, another satyr holds up a frightening mask which the drinking satyr sees reflected in the bowl (this may parallel the mirror into which young Bacchus stares in the Orphic rites). Next to them sits a goddess, perhaps Ariadne or Semele, with Bacchus lying across her lap.
The fifth mural shows a woman carrying a staff and wearing a cap, items often presented after the successful completion of an initiation. She kneels before a priestess and appears to be whipped by a winged female figure. Next to her is a dancing figure (a Maenad or Thyiad) and a gowned figure with a thyrsus (an initiation symbol of Bacchus) made of long stalks of wrapped fennel, topped with a pine cone.
In the sixth mural a woman is dressed by an attendant, while a cupid holds a mirror (or portrait) up to her. This scene is often interpreted as a bride being readied before her marriage ceremony. To the right of the bride is another image of a cupid staring up at her.
In the seventh mural, a matron is shown enthroned and in an elaborate costume.
In light of the recent restorations, Elaine K. Gazda has reexamined the figures and their relationship to each other in the frescoes and in life. Gazda argues that the restorations have made possible the identification of the women depicted in the frescoes, not as the same woman repeated throughout an initiation scene, but as portraits of different women with their own individualized features. She identifies the matron in the last mural as the domina of the villa, the bride in the sixth mural as her daughter, the Bacchus as the dominus, and the others as the men and women of the familia, such as relatives and enslaved people.
Music and mass media
in 2011 the band Corde Oblique released the track "Slide", inspired by the frescoes of the mysteries. Few ancient musical instrument reconstructions have been performed in this song, like the lyre and the Pan flute. The song is included in the album "A hail of bitter almonds".
See also
Roman architecture
List of Roman domes
Pompei Scavi-Villa dei Misteri railway station
References
External links
Preservation of the Villa featured on archaeology.org
Villa of the Mysteries on www.art-and-archaeology.com
Romano-Campanian Wall-Painting (English, Italian, Spanish and French introduction)
Pompeii | Villa of Mysteries
Ancient Roman religion
Cult of Dionysus
M
Greco-Roman mysteries
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飛馬座32（臼四），又名BD+27 4299，HD 212097、SAO 90440、HR 8522，是飛馬座的一颗恒星，视星等为4.81，位于銀經87.03，銀緯-23.88，其B1900.0坐标为赤經，赤緯。
参考文献
飛馬座
212097
8522
90440
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is a monorail station operated by the Tokyo Tama Intercity Monorail Company in Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan.
Lines
Sakurakaidō Station is a station on the Tama Toshi Monorail Line and is located 0.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kamikitadai Station.
Station layout
Sakurakaidō Station is a raised station with two tracks and two side platforms. It has a standardized station building of the monorail line.
Platforms
Surrounding area
The station is above Tokyo Metropolitan Route 43 (Imokubo-Kaidō). Other points of interest include:
Morinaga Milk Industry, Tokyo Tama Plant / Yamato Plant
Casio Hitachi Mobile Communications, Tokyo Plant
Sakura Kaidō
History
The station opened on 27 November 1998 with the opening of the line.
Station numbering was introduced in February 2018 with Sakurakaidō being assigned TT18.
References
External links
Tama Monorail Sakura-Kaidō Station
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1998
Railway stations in Tokyo
Tama Toshi Monorail
Higashiyamato, Tokyo
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余曉東（，），香港排名第一的網球員，曾代表中國香港參加台維斯盃、東亞運動會、全運會等大型國際賽事，是香港代表隊的主力成員。單打世界排名最高為910位，雙打則為887位。台維斯盃戰績為12勝14負。
簡歷
余曉東早年就讀浸信會呂明才小學和拔萃男書院。他在4、5歲時已跟隨父親打網球，父親是他網球場上的啟蒙老師，小時候他常跟著爸爸在網球場上跑跑跳跳，逐漸培養出對網球的興趣和敏銳的觸覺。「喜歡網球，因為喜歡它的速度、力量、耐力與多元化。」就是這幾個元素，令余曉東一直堅持刻苦的訓練。2001年2月，他有感網球運動員越趨年輕化，毅然決定在未完成會考下已轉為職業球員，慶幸獲得家人的支持，並自此開始他燦爛的網球生涯。自19歲時開始便成為香港的首席網球手，至23歲更攀升至體育事業的高峰。
此外，余曉東還曾透露最初成為職業網球手時所遇到的困難——由於他的體質不屬於力量型球員，因此在打網球上十分吃虧，畢竟發球、反手抽擊都是很講求力度的。再者，轉成職業網球手後，他突然發現自己實力與其他選手相差甚遠，這都令他感到非常沮喪。後來得到教練的鼓勵及支持，他開始加強耐力、速度的訓練，並從各方面作出補救，揚長避短。
在2006年舉行的多哈亞運會上，余曉東有幸和南韓名將李亨澤、中華台北的王宇佐和曾高踞ATP雙打排名榜第一、有「印度雙雄」之稱的帕斯、布帕蒂組合交手，可惜當中賽事全部落敗。
2007年余曉東放棄全職訓練，並修讀副學士課程，曾欲掛拍的他最終決定繼續港隊生涯，繼續帶領港隊出戰台維斯盃。2008年4月30日，經過香港奧委會的挑選後，余曉東脫穎而出，於5月2日奧運聖火在港傳遞時擔任第29位火炬手。
2010年，代表中國香港參加2010年亞洲運動會，出戰男子單打和男子團體項目，惜分別不敵泰國的達賴·午東措克和添田豪，兩項賽事都於首場落敗後出局。
2019年奪得「香港中華游樂會2019年度全港網球公開賽」35歲或以上男子單打錦標賽冠軍。
逸事
在香港體育學院生活的6年時間內，余曉東曾經與香港首席單車手黃金寶住在同一房間內，在余曉東眼中，黃金寶是一個很有生活規律的人，也許因為年紀差別的原因，黃金寶仿如他的一位大哥哥，有時他亦會對這位大哥哥產生畏懼感。然而，黃金寶在校時間不多，故此他長期都是獨自霸佔整個房間。
參考文獻
外部連結
余曉東東亞運專訪
余曉東接受商台訪問
香港網球運動員
H
浸信會沙田圍呂明才小學校友
拔萃男書院校友
香港大學專業進修學院校友
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帕爾馬灣（），是西班牙的海灣，位於巴利阿里群島的馬略卡島西南面，處於帕爾馬以南，面積約260平方公里，是特拉蒙塔納山脈的南面界限。
參考資料
西班牙海灣
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水样白带是盆腔积液吗？在女性的盆腔出现了炎症现象的时候，会引起渗出物的出现，这样的情况会导致盆腔积液疾病，盆腔积液对于女性来说影响是很大的，会导致女性出现腹部胀痛的情况，也会让女性的白带出现一些改变，在出现了盆腔积液后，女性的白带会有增多现象出现。盆腔积液是妇科疾病中比较常见的一种，尤其是一些生育之后的女性更容易患病，在患上盆腔积液疾病后，还会导致女性出现不孕不育的现象，所以女性在日常，一定要做好护理工作，以减少盆腔积液的现象出现，并且在发现自己患上了盆腔积液后，应当及时给以治疗，盆腔炎的女性会有以下几个症状出现。白带的改变：在女性患上盆腔积液后，会因为盆腔的充血和积液现象而导致阴道和宫颈部位受到刺激，因此会导致女性的白带出现增多的情况，但是盆腔积液导致的白带一般不会有腥臭和性质上的改变，主要就是以增多为表现。腰骶部位的疼痛：在女性患上盆腔积液疾病的时候，还会有腰骶部位疼痛的表现，尤其是在性生活以及过度劳累之后会有加重的表现，并且在月经的期间，女性还会出现月经量增多和痛经等情况，盆腔积液的长期处在会导致女性的精神压力过大，甚至还会导致精神衰弱的情况出现。全身会有症状：盆腔积液的女性还会有一些全身症状出现，患者会有低烧的现象，并且特别容易出现疲乏的情况，有不少的女性在患上盆腔积液后，还会因为疾病而出现失眠现象，长期下去会给女性的健康带来影响，导致更多的并发症，所以在患病后，女性一定要及时给以治疗。盆腔炎的出现会给女性带来很多的症状，不仅会导致女性的白带出现增多现象，也会让女性出现腰骶部位的疼痛，并且还会有很多的全身症状，在患病后，女性需要积极的给以治疗，并且在治疗期间还应当避免有性生活，否则会增加治疗难度，也会给患者的健康带来更大的影响。
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Kyle (Lakota: phežúta ȟaká; "Branched Medicine") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, United States. Its population was 943 at the 2020 census. Located within the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation of the Oglala Lakota, it is one of two settlements which are closest to the North American continental pole of inaccessibility.
The community was named for James H. Kyle, a Senator from South Dakota.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
In North America, the continental pole of inaccessibility is between Kyle and Allen, located from the nearest coastline at .
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 970 people, 205 households, and 168 families residing in the CDP.
The population density was . There were 219 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.43% Native American, 5.15% White, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.
There were 205 households, out of which 53.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 34.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.46 and the average family size was 4.88.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 45.4% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 11.5% from 45 to 64, and 3.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,750, and the median income for a family was $27,000. Males had a median income of $21,953 versus $13,710 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,415. About 42.1% of families and 35.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.2% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Little Wound School is administered by the tribe in association with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). It has elementary, middle, and high school grades, with a total of more than 900 students, who are primarily Oglala Lakota in ethnicity.
Oglala Lakota College is a tribal college in Kyle operated by the Lakota Nation.
References
External links
Oglala Lakota College
Census-designated places in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota
Census-designated places in South Dakota
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
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肺癌晚期吃什么吐什么还能活多久？通常肺癌属于呼吸系统很常见的一种恶性肿瘤，肺癌晚期没办法完全的预料生存期，但是也有可能生存时间比较长，比如肺腺癌有可能发现的时候就有脑转移，这种情况如果能用靶向药物治疗，还能够生存超过3年、5年，甚至更长时间。肺癌晚期如果出现其他部位转移，不能用靶向治疗，也可以应用放疗、化疗以及介入治疗等方式，控制病情发展。具体能活多久没办法确定，只能够边治疗边看，有可能效果没有靶向治疗效果好，但是生存1-2年还是可以的。如果能够生存超过5年，就有可能生存更长时间，边治疗边看，不要放弃治疗。晚期肺癌的生存主要与晚期肺癌的表现有具体的关系。晚期的肺癌要看是肿瘤局部的晚期，还是出现了远处转移。局部晚期的症状主要是咳嗽、痰中带血、气促、呼吸困难。而远处转移出现的症状，与远处转移的部位有明确的关系，如转移至头部，头痛、呕吐，甚至癫痫；转移至肝脏，引起食欲减退、黄疸、消瘦、纳差等。能够活多久，主要还是看转移的部位以及这些部位对身体的影响有多大。严重的脑转移，引起脑水肿、脑疝，可以立刻危及到生命。多发的肝转移，引起的肝功能衰竭，是可以导致肝功能衰竭而死亡。肺癌到了晚期有可能出现消化系统的转移，患者本身也是一种消耗性疾病，所以有可能出现食欲不好，还有不愿意进食这些情况。当然，有可能出现腹胀、腹痛、便秘或者腹泻，所以饮食方面建议清淡为主，适当补充优质蛋白，高蛋白饮食，比如鱼、鸡蛋、蛋白粉等等，如果没有蛋白质过敏都是可以吃的。还有适当补充新鲜的蔬菜水果，这样可以保持大便通畅，少食多餐。还有少量多次多喝水也很重要。肺癌晚期一般是没办法手术治疗的，但是可以做放疗、化疗以及靶向药物等综合抗肿瘤治疗，可以延长患者生存期，减轻痛苦。
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Château Rayas is a vineyard in the Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC.
History
The Reynaud family began working at the property in 1880.
Jacques Reynaud died in 1997, and Château Rayas is still continued by the family.
Terroir
Its 13 hectares of vines are north-facing, and do not contain the galets roulés common in other Châteauneuf-du-Pape vineyards.
Viticulture
The estate did not have electricity until the late 1980s. Several viticulture practices at Château Rayas differ from other producers in Châteauneuf. Only Grenache grapes are grown; wine yields at around 15hl/h are very low; the wines are matured in the uncommon 450 litre double-piéce oak casks. Grenache is vinified into red wine, and Grenache Blanc and Clairette blanche are made into white wine. Wine writer Jay McInerney named it as "one of the most profound expressions of the Grenache grape in the world."
The estate bottles a second wine, Pignan.
Wine criticism
The 1978 and 1990 vintages were rated 100 points by Robert M. Parker, Jr.
References
Wineries of France
Vineyards
French wine
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假性前房积脓的治疗和预防方法？对于确诊病例，应早期行眼球摘除手术以期根治。若已有颅内侵犯或全身转移，应辅助放化疗以延缓病人生命。
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全国经济委员会（简称“经委会”）是中华民国国民政府于1931年成立的用于统筹全国经济事业的总机构，中国抗日战争爆发后撤销。
历史沿革
经委会成立，主要有四方面因素：
1930年代前后，世界经济危机的破坏作用和苏联实行计划经济政策的良好效果，使国内外倡导实行统制经济的呼声高涨，南京国民政府试图在中国实行统制经济。
南京国民政府期待与国际联盟开展一系列经济技术合作，需要一个专门的负责机构。国联专家也建议中国成立“经济委员会”。
为摆脱财政困境并发展经济，财政部长宋子文一手操办的中美“棉麦大借款”，使经委会有了一笔大额的建设经费。
南京国民政府内部财权之争、派别之争，使得蒋中正（介石）、宋子文、孔祥熙等都赞同和支持全国经济委员会的成立。
经委会先后经历了3個时期。
筹备处时期
1931年4月，中国国民党中央政治会议决定设立全国经济委员会。1936年6月6日，国民政府颁布《全国经济委员会组织条例》，规定全国经济委员会为经济计划与施行机关，统筹国营经济，直隶于行政院，执掌为：凡国家一切经济建设或发展其经费由国库负担或辅助者，应经全国经济委员会审定呈请国民政府核准之；施行国营事业建设或发展计划时，全国经济委员会得审核其工作及其费用；组织各种专门委员会研究各项专门问题，并得派专门人员视察或指导各种计划之实施。
1931年9月26日，国民政府任命蒋中正、宋子文、刘尚清、连声海、王伯群、孔祥熙、李书华、张人杰、张学良、李煜瀛、张嘉璈、李铭、周作民、晏阳初、虞和德、吴鼎昌、荣宗敬为全国经济委员会委员。11月23日任命刘瑞恒、12月15日任命马凌甫为委员。指定蒋中正、宋子文为正、副委员长，任命朱家骅为秘书长。
1931年10月30日成立了以秦汾为主任的筹备处。至1933年9月，筹备处代行秘书处职权。筹备处筹议的各隶属机构有：
审议机构：公路专门委员会、工程专门委员会、农村建设专门委员会；
实施机构：公路处、工程处、中央卫生设施实验处、湖北堤工专款保管委员会。
宋子文时期
1933年9月9日，国民政府修正《全国经济委员会组织条例》。1933年10月4日，全国经济委员会正式成立，改隶国民政府，由委员长制改为委员制，蒋介石为委员长，同时以内政、铁道、交通、实业、教育等各部部长以及其他与经济建设有关的中央机关主管长官为当然委员。1933年9月，全国经济委员会改为国民政府直辖，经委会的主要决策机构是“全国经济委员会常务委员会”,成员由汪精卫、孙科、宋子文、孔祥熙和蒋介石组成，秦汾任秘书长，实际由宋子文主持日常工作。常务委员会决议推任下列各委员：汪兆铭、孙科、宋子文、黄绍竑、顾孟馀、朱家骅、陈公博、王世杰、张人杰、孔祥熙、李煜瀛、蔡元培、邵元冲、张嘉璈、李铭、周作民、晏阳初、虞和德、吴鼎昌、荣宗敬、刘瑞恒、陈立夫、钱新之、陈光甫、刘鸿生、史量才、王晓籁、徐新六、王克敏、陈伯庄、褚民谊、杨端六、秦汾、叶恭绰、连声海、蒋中正、叶琢堂、彭学沛。
宋子文主持经委会时期，是经委会建设活动的鼎盛阶段。这期间，经委会广泛开展公路、水利、农业、棉业、蚕丝、卫生等领域的建设工作。
经委会的主要执行部门是“秘书处”，另外还设置了十几个下属专门委员会和办事处
工程专门委员会（1932年8月为办理国民政府救济水灾委员会移交之工程成立。1933年10月改组为水利委员会。）
棉业统制委员会（1932年10月成立，1936年7月划归实业部）
蚕丝改良委员会（1934年2月成立，1936年7月归并实业部。）
农村建设委员会（1932年8月成立农村建设专门委员会。1933年11月改组为农村建设委员会。1936年4月归并实业部。）
水利委员会（1932年8月为办理国民政府救济水灾委员会移交之工程成立工程专门委员会。1933年10月改组为水利委员会。1937年12月并入经济部。）原各部会的水利机关统归其水利委员会，使其成为全国水利的总机关，具体水利工程建设主要是由各地方水利委员会负责执行的，水委会主要为全国各处水利工作进行统筹安排规划，并给它们提供经费和技术支持。全国经济委员会直属水利机关：
华北水利委员会（原属建设部）
导淮委员会（原隶国民政府）
黄河水利委员会（原隶国民政府）
扬子江水利委员会（原属交通部）
公路委员会（1932年11月设立七省公路专门委员会，1933年11月改组为公路委员会。1938年初并入交通部。）最初的公路建设围绕首都经济圈(即苏浙皖三省公路建设),随后不断扩展到多省(从豫、鄂、皖、赣、苏、浙、湘七省公路建设到多省公路建设,包括西北公路建设),基本实现了大部分省会城市的公路连接。
卫生委员会（1932年8月成立卫生专门委员会。1933年11月改组为卫生委员会。1937年12月并入卫生署。）
教育委员会（1932年8月成立教育专门委员会。1933年11月改组为教育委员会。1937年12月撤销）
湖北堤工专款保管委员会（1932年11月设立，在中央银行汉口分行开户）
合作事业委员会（1935年10月成立，1936年7月划归实业部农业司、合作司）
卫生实验处（1932年8月设立中央卫生设施实验处。1933年底更名。正副处长刘瑞恒、金宝善，下设防疫检验、化学药物、寄生虫学、环境卫生、社会医疗、妇婴卫生、工业卫生、生命统计、卫生教育等九系）1937年12月并入卫生署。
公路处：1932年11月设立。正副处长陈体诚、赵祖康。分设公务、交通、计划三科。1938年初并入交通部。
水利处：1932年8月为办理国民政府救济水灾委员会移交之工程设立“工程处”，1933年10月改组为水利处。处长茅以升，设有设计、工务二科。1937年12月并入经济部。
江汉工程局
泾洛工程局
珠江水利局
中央水工试验所
农业处：1933年11月设立。正副处长赵连芳、许仕廉。下设农业改良、农业建设、农业工程三科。1936年4月归并实业部。
信托处：1933年11月成立，办理中美“棉麦大借款”之保管与运用。处长叶琢堂。
江西办事处：1934年1月设立。1935年3月裁撤。
西北办事处：1934年1月设立。
驻沪办事处：1934年1月设立。处长邓勉仁。
除此之外,全国各地的省级建设厅、地方水利委员会及一切地方建设部门都属于经委会的下属执行部门。经委会还是“中国与国联进行技术合作”的专门负责机关。 全国经济委员会与其他机关合组有土地委员会、全国学术工作咨询委员会、中央煤汽车推广委员会等。
经委会在农业、棉业、蚕丝、卫生等领域也进行了许多建设,尤其在棉业和蚕丝领域,经委会的工作很快就收到实效。
蒋介石时期
中国抗日战争爆发后，为战时需要，全国经济委员会于1937年12月撤销，其下各事业并入经济部、交通部、卫生署等。
参考文献
1930年代经济
1930年代中国政治
中华民国大陆时期经济
中华民国大陆时期中央政府机构
1931年建立政府機構
1937年解散的組織
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Vértigo is La Ley's fifth album, released in 1998.
Content and reception
Due to the success of Invisible, the band hardly found time to record what would be their next album. However, in 1997 they began recording and announced the album's release date for the middle of that summer, but it was later delayed until 1998. At the time, Rodrigo Aboitiz (the band's keyboardist) caused a series of troubles, missing the first weeks of recording. Generally, the album was completed with the same band members that worked on Invisible, but just before the release, Rodrigo Aboitiz left the band due to a drug problem. After the album was finished, he left the band, effectively leaving the band without a studio keyboardist.
One month before the release of the album, the first single, "Fotofobia", was released and slashed by critics. After that, the album "Vértigo" was released to little fanfare, becoming the least successful of all the band’s albums. According to the band members, they had high expectations about it, but it was proven to be a failure in comparison to Invisible. The album was notorious for its electro-industrial sounds that surprised and outraged most of the fans. Still, the album sold fairly well, as it sold 100,000 copies in Mexico. The album differs greatly from the band's other albums because of its electronic sound, and its album cover. The album’s sound draws from various genres, and can be likened to that of Nine Inch Nails.
The band released two more singles "Vi" (the album's best known song), whose video was banned from MTV for the use of guns, and the much less notorious "Tanta Ciudad". They also released the single "Sed", which did not have a video and only garnered modest airplay.
In the middle of the tour, bassist Luciano Rojas disappeared suddenly. He was replaced by J.C. Cumplido, who had to learn the songs in less than five minutes before the beginning of a concert. Fans had speculated that the band was breaking up, but Luciano left the band and brought Rodrigo Aboitiz with him to form their own band, effectively making La Ley a trio. After the end of the tour in 1999, La Ley jettisoned their darker image and began working on their album, Uno.
Though the album did not well do with sales and is often considered by many their worst record, the album's prestige has grown considerably. Some fans now consider it their best album for having such an unusual sound and a different, more experimental style. The songs "Ciclos" and "Vi" are considered by many the best songs of the album.
"Vi" controversy
The music video for "Vi", directed by Argentinian Stanley, was banned from MTV Latin America because of the use of guns. This was a big shock for the band, since MTV was its biggest promoter. It also affected the sales of the record, being the first single released (although "Fotofobia" was the debut single of Vértigo, it was more like a preview of the album released several months before).
Track listing
Personnel
Rodrigo Aboitiz - Keyboard
Mauricio Clavería - Drums
Beto Cuevas - Vocals
Pedro Frugone - Guitar
Luciano Rojas - Bass
External links
laleysite.com
La Ley (band) albums
1998 albums
Warner Music Group albums
Spanish-language albums
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News Check11（）是日本NHK綜合自2016年4月4日開始播出的一個新聞節目。News Check11的前身節目是『Sports Plus』和『NEWS WEB』，該節目系統合兩個節目而成。節目除了播出當日的新聞和體育新聞之外，也會對觀眾有興趣的新聞進行深度挖掘。2016年2月11日，該節目播出了Pilot版。
參考資料
外部連結
NHK電視新聞節目
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End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
YAML Metadata
Warning:
empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
(https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/datasets-cards)
CPT (Continual Pre-Training) 数据集
数据集概述
本数据集用于 LLaMA-8B 模型的继续预训练（Continual Pre-Training, CPT），旨在让通用大模型适应医疗领域。数据集包含 200,000 条样本，按照 70% 通用语料 + 30% 医疗语料 的比例混合，覆盖中英文维基百科和医疗专业文本。
数据来源与处理
1. Wikipedia 英文 (wikimedia/wikipedia)
- 原始数据量: 6,407,814 条
- 采样数量: 70,000 条
- 来源: wikimedia/wikipedia (20231101.en)
- 处理方式:
- 加载 2023-11-01 版本的英文维基百科
- 仅保留
text字段 - 随机采样 70,000 条（seed=42）
- 用途: 提供通用领域英文知识
2. Wikipedia 中文 (wikimedia/wikipedia)
- 原始数据量: 1,384,748 条
- 采样数量: 70,000 条
- 来源: wikimedia/wikipedia (20231101.zh)
- 处理方式:
- 加载 2023-11-01 版本的中文维基百科
- 仅保留
text字段 - 随机采样 70,000 条（seed=42）
- 用途: 提供通用领域中文知识
3. 医疗预训练语料 (shibing624/medical)
- 原始数据量: 361,420 条
- 采样数量: 60,000 条
- 来源: shibing624/medical (pretrain 子集)
- 子集: pretrain/train_*.json（本地加载）
- 处理方式:
- 从本地克隆的
dataset/medical/pretrain/train_*.json文件加载 - 使用 glob 匹配所有 train_*.json 文件
- 仅保留
text字段 - 随机采样 60,000 条（seed=42）
- 从本地克隆的
- 用途: 提供医疗领域专业知识和术语
数据格式
每条样本仅包含一个 text 字段，用于继续预训练：
{
"text": "文章的完整文本内容..."
}
数据混合策略
- 目标分配: 总样本数 200,000 条，按 70:30 通用/医疗比例分配
- 通用语料分配: 70,000 英文 Wiki + 70,000 中文 Wiki = 140,000 条（70%）
- 医疗语料分配: 60,000 条医疗文本（30%）
- 采样: 对每个数据源使用
shuffle(seed=42)后采样 - 合并: 拼接三个数据源
- 打乱: 使用
shuffle(seed=42)打乱所有样本 - 保存: 保存为 Hugging Face Dataset 格式到
dataset/cpt_dataset_from_resume
使用示例
from datasets import load_from_disk
# 从本地加载
dataset = load_from_disk("./dataset/cpt_dataset_from_resume")
# 查看样本
print(dataset[0])
print(f"数据集大小: {len(dataset)}")
数据集统计
| 数据源 | 样本数 | 占比 | 语言 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia (英文) | 70,000 | 35.0% | 英文 | 通用领域知识 |
| Wikipedia (中文) | 70,000 | 35.0% | 中文 | 通用领域知识 |
| Medical (医疗) | 60,000 | 30.0% | 中文 | 医疗专业知识 |
| 总计 | 200,000 | 100% | 中英文 | - |
训练建议
- 训练目标: 使用 Causal Language Modeling (CLM) 进行继续预训练
- 学习率: 建议使用较小的学习率（如 1e-5 ~ 5e-5），避免灾难性遗忘
- 序列长度: 根据显存情况设置（如 512, 1024, 2048）
- 训练轮数: 1-3 epochs，避免过拟合
- 领域适应: CPT 后的模型更适合医疗领域的下游任务（SFT, DPO, PPO）
注意事项
- 领域平衡: 数据集保持了通用能力（70%）和医疗专业性（30%）的平衡
- 语言覆盖: 英文和中文各占 35%，医疗数据为中文
- 数据质量: 维基百科数据经过社区审核，医疗数据来自专业医疗问答
- 适用场景: 适合作为医疗领域 LLM 的第一阶段训练（CPT → SFT → DPO → PPO）
引用
如果使用本数据集，请引用原始数据来源：
@misc{wikipedia,
author = {Wikimedia Foundation},
title = {Wikipedia Dumps},
year = {2023},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia}
}
@misc{medical,
author = {Xu Ming},
title = {Medical: Chinese Medical Corpus},
year = {2023},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/medical}
}
许可证
- Wikipedia 数据遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议
- Medical 数据请查阅原始仓库的许可协议
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